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2025-06-23 7 days ago / 未收藏/ MongoDB | Blog发送到 kindle
MongoDB’s Teach & Learn blog series interviews students and educators worldwide who are using MongoDB to enhance their classrooms. These stories highlight how MongoDB’s platform and resources are revolutionizing education and preparing tech professionals.
The MongoDB for Educators program offers free resources and technology for creating interactive learning environments that connect theory and practice. Educators gain access to MongoDB Atlas credits, curriculum, certifications, and a global community.

Unlocking potential: Integrating MongoDB to enhance learning in the classroom

Photo of Margaret Menzin
Professor Margaret Menzin is a dedicated educator at Simmons University, where she was instrumental in developing one of the first undergraduate data science majors in the United States. With a keen eye on industry trends, she revamped her database course to include NoSQL technologies like MongoDB, recognizing their growing importance in the professional world. Her approach blends practical skills with theoretical understanding, ensuring her students are well prepared for real-world challenges.
Professor Menzin also fosters a vibrant student community around MongoDB technology, empowering students to use these skills in their academic projects and future careers. Her MongoDB insights on curriculum and student engagement offer valuable perspectives for educators adapting to the evolving tech landscape, as you’ll see in our interview.
1. Tell us about your educational and professional journey and what initially sparked your interest in databases and MongoDB.
At Simmons, we were one of the first US universities to offer an undergraduate major in data science, so we were very aware of the importance of NoSQL for handling big data. In 2017, I returned to teaching databases after a hiatus of about seven years—and when I looked at the textbooks, they hadn’t changed. But the world sure had. So I checked the Stack Overflow survey of what professional developers were using and found that 25% of them were using MongoDB. With my colleagues’ permission, I revised our course to be about one-third on NoSQL, and I had to develop my own materials. But my students adore using MongoDB.
2. What courses related to databases and MongoDB are you currently teaching?
I teach a one-semester database course that’s required for all students majoring in computer science, data science, and information technology/cybersecurity. I also teach a course in full-stack web development, and students learn how to access MongoDB from Node.js.
3. What motivated you to incorporate MongoDB into your curriculum?
I was motivated by what is happening in the real world, but as an instructor, I find that having students learn something else in addition to relational databases makes the discussions much livelier about atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID) transactions and concurrency in relational database management systems (RDBMSs). Now students see where ACID transactions are important and where they’re not. (Yes, I know that MongoDB supports ACID transactions.) Similarly, the design process is different for MongoDB and for entity-relationship design, and that highlights the strengths of each.
Figure 1. Professor Margaret Menzin's students at Simmons University.
Photo of one of Margaret Menzin's class of students.
4. You have successfully built an active student community around MongoDB on your campus. Can you share some insights into how you achieved this and the impact it’s had on students?
First, I tell students to put MongoDB on their curricula vitae because it gives them an edge. Second, students are so enthusiastic about MongoDB that they turn to it when they have to build projects for senior courses. I do require that students install the MongoDB Community Edition on their own computers, and—without any data to back this claim up—I think that makes it more likely that they will turn to it. And they do. This year, a group of four seniors built a complete software system for a nonprofit on our campus, and they chose to use MongoDB. (I was not the supervisor; they chose MongoDB because they liked it and thought it was the best choice.)
5. How do you design your course content to integrate MongoDB in a way that engages students and ensures practical learning experiences?
In my course, I give students a set of comma-separated values (CSVs) for the Northwinds example (a pretty standard project with files for customers, products, orders, line items, etc.), and they denormalize the data. That is, they embed the line-item documents into the orders documents and do some computations, then embed the orders documents into the customers’ documents. They timed various operations with and without indexes. One thing I have learned is to put the exam on MongoDB before the project, so everyone on the team is ready to contribute to the project. I have a file of the approximately 5,000 restaurants in New York City that I use for the exam.
6. How has MongoDB supported you in enhancing your teaching methodologies and upskilling your students?
First, my students make extensive use of the MongoDB documentation. Reading documentation is an important skill for students to learn, and MongoDB’s is excellent. Second, I have gone through all the MongoDB videos for teachers, and I especially use the ones on the design process. For the aggregation pipeline, we use the book Practical MongoDB Aggregations, linked to on your site, and the Mosh Hamedani videos on YouTube. And because I was one of the very early adopters among professors, I’ve had to develop a lot of my own materials, which I’ve shared.
Figure 2. Professor Margaret Menzin's students at Simmons University.
Another photo of some of professor Menzin's students at Simmons University.
7. Could you share a memorable experience or success story of a project from your time teaching MongoDB that stands out to you?
After the first year I taught MongoDB, I asked my colleagues for feedback, and they suggested that I see what other people were doing on the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE) LISTSERV. The result was a panel called “NoSQL is No Problem” for SIGCSE 2020. And there was a curated bibliography for various NoSQL platforms.
8. How has your role as a MongoDB educator impacted your professional growth and the growth of the student community at your university?
As a faculty member, I am always trying to see what’s going to be important next and find out how to learn it. Students respond to that attitude. I also lean very heavily on small-group work and team projects in all my courses. Most of my database students are sophomores, and they don’t know each other well yet. So in any small-group work, I say, “Even if it’s your roommate, begin with ‘Hello, my name is…’” and they laugh, but it works. It happens that the database course (occurring fall of the sophomore year) is when we try to build a sense of cohesion among our majors. I also require my students to take out an ACM student membership so I can assign a variety of readings and videos, and that helps them build professional identities. And my students love the fact that this is cutting edge and that they are moving away from textbooks. I’m sure that listing MongoDB among their skills on LinkedIn and elsewhere also helps them find internships.
9. What advice would you give to educators who are considering integrating MongoDB into their courses to ensure a successful and impactful learning experience for students?
Allow about 30% of a first database course for the MongoDB work. It takes me about one and a half to two weeks to get students to install and learn basic MongoDB, and then another week and a half for the project. After that, use MongoDB as a jumping-off point to circle back to topics like forms of consistency, the CAP Theorem, design trade-offs, design decisions for distributed databases, and the choice of a database model. Comparing and contrasting MongoDB with an RDBMS is a very powerful way to summarize many of the key concepts in a database course. Finally, spending the last week on these high-level issues, when all of the students’ other courses are rushing to finish their projects, will make students very grateful.
Apply to the MongoDB for Educators program and explore free resources for educators crafted by MongoDB experts to prepare learners with in-demand database skills and knowledge.
"Sibel Bagcilar" / 2025-06-23 7 days ago / 未收藏/ LogRocket - Medium发送到 kindle
Don Boulia talks about his transition from working in product management at for-profit organizations to a nonprofit environment.
The post Leader Spotlight: Leading product in a nonprofit organization, with Don Boulia appeared first on LogRocket Blog.
"土木坛子" / 2025-06-22 9 days ago / 未收藏/ 土木坛子发送到 kindle
以前读过一部分《明朝那些事儿》,我觉得作者用通俗的语言和生动的方式向我们这些对历史研究不深的人有趣地描绘了明朝 […]
"techug" / 2025-06-23 7 days ago / 未收藏/ 程序师发送到 kindle
Git notes允许你在特殊命名空间中修改旧提交的新信息。它们还能做更多事情。notes 可以存储任何由 Git 跟踪的对象的元数据——任何对象:提交、二进制文件和树。 所有这些操作都不会修改对象本身。
"techug" / 2025-06-23 7 days ago / 未收藏/ 程序师发送到 kindle
我从未想过我会因为这件事感到如此愤怒,以至于要写一篇标题带有噱头性质的文章。这同时令人沮丧、毫无生产力且令人愤怒。我写这篇文章时完全清楚自己本可以专注于GNOME的无障碍性工作
2025-06-23 7 days ago / 未收藏/ 技术小黑屋发送到 kindle
最近在 Android 项目开发中遇到了几个构建错误,以下是解决方案,供遇到同样问题的开发者参考。

1. META-INF 文件冲突

错误信息

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FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.
* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':app:mergeDebugJavaResource'.
> A failure occurred while executing com.android.build.gradle.internal.tasks.MergeJavaResWorkAction
   > 2 files found with path 'META-INF/versions/9/OSGI-INF/MANIFEST.MF' from inputs:

解决方案

app/build.gradle 中添加以下配置:
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android {
    packagingOptions {
        resources {
            excludes += "META-INF/versions/9/OSGI-INF/MANIFEST.MF"
        }
    }
}

说明

此错误通常由多个依赖包含相同的 META-INF 文件引起,通过 excludes 排除重复文件即可解决。

2. TensorFlow Lite 库冲突

错误信息

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Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Duplicate class org.tensorflow.lite.DataType found in
modules jetified-litert-api-1.0.1-runtime (com.google.ai.edge.litert:litert-api:1.0.1) and
jetified-tensorflow-lite-api-2.12.0-runtime (org.tensorflow:tensorflow-lite-api:2.12.0)

解决方案

app/build.gradle 中添加依赖替换规则:
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configurations.all {
    resolutionStrategy.dependencySubstitution {
        substitute module("org.tensorflow:tensorflow-lite") with module("com.google.ai.edge.litert:litert:1.0.1")
    }
}

说明

Google 将 TensorFlow Lite 迁移到新包名 com.google.ai.edge.litert,若项目同时包含新旧包名,会导致类冲突。通过依赖替换强制使用新包解决。

3. Jetifier 与 BouncyCastle 兼容性问题

错误信息

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Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Failed to transform
'/Users/xxxxx/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.bouncycastle/bcprov-jdk18on/1.78/619aafb92dc0b4c6c
c4cf86c487ca48ee2d67a8e/bcprov-jdk18on-1.78.jar' using Jetifier.
Reason: IllegalArgumentException, message: Unsupported class file major version 65.

解决方案

在项目根目录的 android/gradle.properties 文件中添加:
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android.jetifier.ignorelist=bcprov-jdk18on-1.78.jar,bcutil-jdk18on-1.78.jar

说明

BouncyCastle 1.78 版本使用 Java 21 编译(class file major version 65),而 Jetifier 不支持此版本字节码。将相关 jar 包加入 Jetifier 忽略列表可避免转换错误。

总结

以上三个问题是 Android 构建中常见的依赖冲突问题,解决思路包括: – 排除重复文件 – 替换冲突依赖 – 跳过不兼容的处理
遇到类似问题时,仔细分析错误信息,通常能找到相应解决方案。


"hello@smashingmagazine.com (Myriam Frisano)" / 2025-06-23 7 days ago / 未收藏/ smashingmagazine发送到 kindle
On her quest to teach you how to code vectors by hand, Myriam Frisano’s second installment of a `path` deep dive explores the most complex aspects of SVG’s most powerful element. She’ll help you understand the underlying rules and function of how curves and arcs are constructed. By the end of it, your toolkit is ready to tackle all types of tasks required to draw with code — even if some of the lines twist and turn.
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2025-06-23 7 days ago / 未收藏/ survivejs发送到 kindle
State management is one of those recurring themes in frontend development. State becomes an issue when you try to build something even a little complex. This time I'm interviewing Kim Jinwoo about state-ref, his technology agnostic solution to the p…
2025-06-23 7 days ago / 未收藏/ survivejs发送到 kindle
Impressions on Web Summit 2024 Web Summit 2024 occurred from 11 to 14.11 in Lisbon, Portugal. Despite its name, the summit does not focus on the web. Instead, it is the largest startup fair in the world, boasting 70.000 yearly visitors. I had the cha…
"Rahul" / 2025-05-19 a month ago / 未收藏/ tecadmin发送到 kindle
Terraform interviews often include scenario-based questions to test how you solve real-world problems. These questions check your practical knowledge and decision-making. This article covers 10 common scenarios with answers written like you’d say them in an interview. Let’s jump in! 1. Your team accidentally deleted the Terraform state file. What do you do? Candidate Reply: [...]
The post 10 Scenario-Based Terraform Interview Questions and Answers appeared first on TecAdmin.
"Rahul" / 2025-05-21 a month ago / 未收藏/ tecadmin发送到 kindle
Hey there! If you’ve ever heard about databases and wondered what the deal is with NewSQL, you’re in the right place. I’m going to break it down for you, like we’re chatting over coffee. NewSQL is a cool new type of database that tries to take the best parts of traditional SQL databases (like MySQL) [...]
The post What is NewSQL? Bridging SQL and NoSQL appeared first on TecAdmin.
"Rahul" / 2025-05-21 a month ago / 未收藏/ tecadmin发送到 kindle
Kubernetes is a big deal for managing apps in containers, and if you’re new to it, you might get asked some basic questions in interviews. No stress! This article has 15 common Kubernetes questions for beginners, with answers written like you’d say them in an interview. I’ve added examples and images where they help. Let’s [...]
The post Top 15 Kubernetes Interview Questions for Beginners appeared first on TecAdmin.
"Rahul" / 2025-05-21 a month ago / 未收藏/ tecadmin发送到 kindle
What’s an IP Address? Before we jump in, let’s quickly understand what an IP address is. It’s a unique number that identifies your device—like your phone, laptop, or router—on the internet. For example, when you watch a YouTube video, your device uses its IP address to tell YouTube, “Hey, send that video to me!” There [...]
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"Rahul" / 2025-05-22 a month ago / 未收藏/ tecadmin发送到 kindle
Hey there! Managing Kubernetes clusters can be tough, right? You’ve got so many YAML files, deployments, and changes to track. What if I told you there’s a smarter way to handle all this using GitOps? With GitOps, we use Git as the single source of truth for all our Kubernetes configurations. And ArgoCD is a [...]
The post Building a GitOps Workflow with Kubernetes and ArgoCD appeared first on TecAdmin.
"Rahul" / 2025-06-07 23 days ago / 未收藏/ tecadmin发送到 kindle
What is Terraform? Let’s Start Simple Hey there, Infra coders! Imagine you’re building a house, but instead of hammering nails and laying bricks by hand, you write a blueprint that magically builds the house for you. That’s kind of what Terraform does for tech stuff like servers, databases, and networks. Terraform is a tool that [...]
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"Rahul" / 2025-06-10 20 days ago / 未收藏/ tecadmin发送到 kindle
Let’s Get Terraform Ready, Infra Coders! Hey there, Infra coders! In our last discussion, we learned what Terraform is and why it’s your go-to tool for building infrastructure with code. Now, it’s time to roll up our sleeves and set it up on your computer. Don’t worry—this is easier than it sounds! By the end [...]
The post Setting Up Terraform: Installation and Configuration appeared first on TecAdmin.
"Rahul" / 2025-06-14 16 days ago / 未收藏/ tecadmin发送到 kindle
Time to Write Your First Terraform Code, Infra Coders! Hey, Infra coders! By now, you’ve got Terraform installed and set up with a cloud provider like AWS from our last article. Awesome work! Today, we’re diving into the fun part—writing your first Terraform configuration file to build something real in the cloud. Think of this [...]
The post Writing Your First Terraform Configuration: A Step-by-Step Guide appeared first on TecAdmin.
"Rahul" / 2025-06-14 16 days ago / 未收藏/ tecadmin发送到 kindle
Welcome to the Terraform Tutorial Series, Infra Coders! Hey there, Infra coders! Ready to master Infrastructure as Code (IaC) with Terraform? This tutorial series is your go-to guide for learning how to build, manage, and automate cloud infrastructure like a pro. Whether you’re just starting out or looking to level up, we’ve got you covered [...]
The post Welcome to the Terraform Tutorial Series, Infra Coders! appeared first on TecAdmin.
"Rahul" / 2025-06-19 12 days ago / 未收藏/ tecadmin发送到 kindle
Hey Infra Coders, Let’s Talk Providers! Welcome back, Infra coders! You’ve already written your first Terraform configuration and created some cool AWS resources like an S3 bucket and an EC2 instance. Now, let’s take it up a notch by exploring providers—the magic behind Terraform’s ability to work with different cloud platforms. In this article, we’ll [...]
The post Managing Providers in Terraform: AWS, Azure, and GCP appeared first on TecAdmin.
2025-06-23 8 days ago / 未收藏/ Ben Nadel's Web Development and User Experience Feed @ BenNadel.com发送到 kindle
Ben Nadel explores Sortable.js as a way to create effortless drag-and-drop experiences on the web....
"Daniel Mendizabal" / 2025-05-05 2 months ago / 未收藏/ fedoramagazine发送到 kindle
Bootc and associated tools provide the basis for building a personalised desktop. This article will describe the process to build your own custom installation. Disclaimer Building and using a custom installation is “at your own risk”. Your installation may be harder to find support for when compared with a mainstream solution. Motivation There has been […]
"Sumantro Mukherjee" / 2025-05-07 2 months ago / 未收藏/ fedoramagazine发送到 kindle
Each Fedora release is only possible thanks to the dedication of many contributors. One of the most important ways you can get involved is by participating in Test Days! This article describes the steps in proposing and scheduling test days. As Fedora 43 development moves ahead, it’s time to start planning and proposing Test Days. […]
"Sumantro Mukherjee" / 2025-05-08 2 months ago / 未收藏/ fedoramagazine发送到 kindle
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"Yann Collette" / 2025-05-12 2 months ago / 未收藏/ fedoramagazine发送到 kindle
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"Aoife Moloney" / 2025-05-28 a month ago / 未收藏/ fedoramagazine发送到 kindle
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"Monasor J.J Atairu" / 2025-05-28 a month ago / 未收藏/ fedoramagazine发送到 kindle
Authselect is a utility tool that manages PAM configurations using profiles. Starting with Fedora 36, Authselect became a hard requirement for configuring PAM. In this article, you will learn how to configure PAM using Authselect. Introduction. Unauthorized access is a critical risk factor in computer security. Cybercriminals engage in data theft, cyber-jacking, crypto-jacking, phishing, and […]
"Monasor J.J Atairu" / 2025-06-03 a month ago / 未收藏/ fedoramagazine发送到 kindle
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"Sumantro Mukherjee" / 2025-06-05 25 days ago / 未收藏/ fedoramagazine发送到 kindle
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"Andreas Haerter" / 2025-06-18 12 days ago / 未收藏/ fedoramagazine发送到 kindle
Among the many details developers juggle, software licensing is often treated as an afterthought. We know we need it. However, faced with choosing the right license, tracking inherited code, and keeping things consistent, license management can feel like a bureaucratic burden. Licensing is what makes the REUSE project, maintained by the Free Software Foundation Europe […]
"Cornelius Emase" / 2025-06-19 11 days ago / 未收藏/ fedoramagazine发送到 kindle
This is my recap of Flock to Fedora 2025, streamed live from Kenya! I would really like to thank the amazing team – speakers, volunteers as well, who made FLOCK possible this year!  This recap is from a virtual attendee’s viewpoint, tuning in live from Kenya for June 5–6. Massive appreciation to everyone behind the […]
2025-03-12 4 months ago / 未收藏/ hufangyun发送到 kindle

前言

抱歉,抱歉,博客有 4 个月没更新了。想写的话题挺多的,都还待在提醒事项内。今天和大家分享一下随心飞和旅行 😆。

2025-03-12 4 months ago / 未收藏/ hufangyun发送到 kindle

背景

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2025-06-18 12 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

We were engaged to create a brand identity for Knot Bakehouse, a new cafe in Dubai, UAE. The main task was to design an identity that would attract a wide range of customers and become a new hot spot in the city. In order for the cafe to look clear and welcoming for all ages and genders, it was decided to focus on a minimalistic design with some color pop-ups. Having the interior evolving around orange-yellow hues, we opted for a blue color as the main identity highlight. An opposite hue to the interior color gave us a needed contrast, and, hence, a unique look and feel. The logo got several variations, where the graphic one took a leading role, while the wordmark ? a secondary. The typography got bold and structured essence to exude reliability.
2025-06-19 12 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

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2025-06-19 11 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

2025-06-19 11 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

2025-06-19 11 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

Susumu Yokota was a pioneer of Japanese contemporary music and production. Lo Recordings is releasing a two volume box set of the 14 albums he released on his Skintone label. All fully remastered and pressed on coloured vinyl. The first volume features the albums Magic Thread, Image 1983?1998, Sakura, Grinning Cat, Will, The Boy and the Tree, and Laputa. Each vinyl inner sleeve is printed with a special green-black ink with a spot varnish to highlight each reworked cover image. The slipcase is wrapped in a special black linen paper embedded with silver glitter. Our custom made typography is overprinted in glossy silver foil. Also included is a 4-page booklet with extensive sleeve notes and a double-sided poster. You can pre-order the Volume 1 box set from susumuyokota.bandcamp.com/album/skintone-edition-vo ahead of its August 1st release date. Volume 2 will follow next year. A CD box set for each volume will also be available.
2025-06-19 11 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

The "JUST DECORATION" exhibition is a playful, conceptual exploration of "lobby art" and the blurred lines between fine art and interior decoration. Beyond their aesthetic appeal, and often challenging "snobbish" art interpretations that dismiss artworks exhibited in hotels as less serious or valuable, these pieces can blend into the environment, prompting you to question whether they are mere decoration or retain their artistic essence, often carrying strong social critiques and profound underlying concepts. Ultimately, this collection invites an ironic contemplation of how art is perceived outside traditional spaces, subverting elitist notions and challenging conventional definitions of beauty and utility.
2025-06-20 11 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

Bin Impact is Québec's new civic brand, created to provide clear information and guidance to citizens on the recycling system across the province. The custom logotype was inspired by the household recycling bin, both in its shape and iconic blue colour. Designed as a square seal, it becomes a strong, recognizable symbol placed on every bin. The visual identity uses a blue-based palette with accents of orange and off-white, referencing paper and raw materials. The system features a modern, angular typeface designed to inspire trust and clarity. It easily adapts to different tones: ? Clear and direct for regulatory notices and informative content. ? Bold and uplifting for awareness campaigns, with the type echoing the logo's angles. The photography is raw and unretouched, showing everyday recyclable materials in their natural state ? on their way to a second life. Editorial content is stripped down for clarity and impact, with a tone that's inclusive, reassuring and action-oriented.
2025-06-20 10 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

2025-06-20 10 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

Kin is an emotionally intelligent AI companion that provides meaningful support in your day-to-day life. At the end of 2023, we were brought in to develop a visual identity for Kin. Our work over the past couple years covered everything from the core identity to the website (narrative, design and development) to team apparel, animation, conceptual app UI, photography and more.
2025-06-20 10 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

2025-06-20 10 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

2025-06-20 10 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

FH Noetica is a geometric sans-serif typeface shaped by optical sensitivity and modernist reasoning. Its design finds early resonance in A.M. Cassandre's Peignot and Hermann Zapf's Optima, both known for rejecting strict genre boundaries in favor of expressive structure. Rather than following conventional classifications, FH Noetica focuses on spatial clarity, tonal contrast, and architectural rhythm. The letterforms blend subtle modulation with geometric restraint, producing a tone that is neutral yet intentional. Designed with both text and display settings in mind, the typeface is especially suited to systems that require clarity without rigidity. Interfaces, editorial layouts, and photographic labeling among them. FH Noetica is not just built to be read, but to be seen with precision.
2025-06-21 10 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

2025-06-21 9 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

Hyper is a bold newcomer to the healthy snack scene, aiming to energize people's days with high-quality protein bars and a big dose of fun. We developed a vibrant, high-impact identity built around the idea of a "burst of energy," capturing the brand's mission to power up daily routines with style and substance.
2025-06-21 9 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

My personal works for joining art events, submitting to a stock company, and general comic pages. So of them were drawn with traditional tools, then edited by Adobe Photoshop for making digital files.
2025-06-21 9 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

2025-06-21 9 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

2025-06-21 9 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

2025-06-22 9 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

2025-06-22 8 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

2025-06-22 8 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

Suncoast is a contemporary typeface with a retro soul. It blends the structural clarity of grotesques with the warmth and rhythm of humanist styles, resulting in a font that feels both timeless and unmistakably current. With clean shapes, generous spacing, and subtle character, Suncoast is ideal for commercial uses: from packaging and product design to editorial, signage, and visual identity systems. To bring Suncoast to life beyond traditional specimens, TipoType invited La Libertad Studio and BACILE to explore the typeface from a branding perspective, imagining how it could perform across a range of industries, tones, and real-world use cases. Each fictional universe was designed to highlight different aspects of the typeface, demonstrating how Suncoast adapts across applications as diverse as educational programs, juice packaging, burger joints, and boxing gyms. Now available at tipotype.com with a launch promo. Happy designing!
2025-06-22 8 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

2025-06-22 8 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

2025-06-22 8 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

Nothing to Show was born as a response to a saturated fashion landscape, where logos often outweigh craftsmanship, and margins replace meaning. Rooted in Antwerp's radical design culture, our brand is a silent rebellion. We craft timeless pieces that speak through texture, silhouette, and material, not through labels.
2025-06-23 8 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

A collection of vector Juneteenth spots designed for GoDaddy. These spots follow the journey from Restoration era to the modern era, where Juneteenth is now an acknowledged holiday.
2025-06-23 7 days ago / 未收藏/ behance发送到 kindle

"Rebekah Carter" / 2025-06-17 13 days ago / 未收藏/ ecommerce发送到 kindle
I'll be honest, when someone first suggested I look into Snapchat for marketing, I wasn’t sold. There are so many great social media platforms that are perfect for ecommerce sellers, from Instagram and Facebook to TikTok – all with their…
Continue reading Snapchat Business Review: Is It Worth It for Ecommerce in 2025?
The post Snapchat Business Review: Is It Worth It for Ecommerce in 2025? appeared first on Ecommerce-Platforms.com.
"Bogdan Rancea" / 2025-06-18 12 days ago / 未收藏/ ecommerce发送到 kindle
If you’re running a nonprofit and thinking about using Shopify, you might feel like it’s not made for you. That’s what I thought too. I’ve worked with nonprofits who were stuck using donation platforms that looked like they were built…
Continue reading Shopify for Nonprofits: Full Guide to Building, Fundraising, and Growing Online
The post Shopify for Nonprofits: Full Guide to Building, Fundraising, and Growing Online appeared first on Ecommerce-Platforms.com.
"Bogdan Rancea" / 2025-06-20 10 days ago / 未收藏/ ecommerce发送到 kindle
Quick answer: If you want more control, higher profit margins, and scalable branding, choose Printify. But if you’re looking for simplicity and a ready-made marketplace, Spreadshirt is the easier pick. I’ve been building ecommerce brands and running POD (print-on-demand) businesses…
Continue reading Printify vs Spreadshirt: Which Print-On-Demand Platform Should You Use?
The post Printify vs Spreadshirt: Which Print-On-Demand Platform Should You Use? appeared first on Ecommerce-Platforms.com.
"四月的奥德赛" / 2025-06-18 12 days ago / 未收藏/ azurew发送到 kindle
  邮箱:gyd1#vip.qq.com(#该@)   Oracle 官方课程 中文字幕 MySQL 8.0 […]
2024-10-01 9 months ago / 未收藏/ liquidlight发送到 kindle
Understanding your audience is a strategic cornerstone for building successful online products. A crucial part of our discovery phase here at Liquid Light is understanding who will be using the products we build and how they...
Read the full article - Discovering your audience: tools and techniques

This article was posted in Strategy & insight, User Experience

2024-11-11 8 months ago / 未收藏/ liquidlight发送到 kindle
Although web agencies should do everything possible to keep web designs accessible, the torch will inevitably be passed onto web editors to maintain this once a website is handed over. We compiled a guide for editors to refer to which will help keep in line with accessibility guidelines.
Read the full article - Web accessibility guide for editors

This article was posted in SEO, TYPO3 CMS, User Experience

2024-11-20 7 months ago / 未收藏/ liquidlight发送到 kindle
Similar to many digital agencies, Liquid Light has been exploring the capabilities of AI for quite some time now, integrating it into our own internal processes, and working on several AI based projects for our clients.
Read the full article - The environmental impact of AI: challenges and solutions for a sustainable future

This article was posted in Strategy & insight, Nonprofit, Design, Development

2025-02-13 5 months ago / 未收藏/ liquidlight发送到 kindle
I am a little late as it's half way through February, but if I had posted this in early January it would have been a very different post. So a little late, but here are my thoughts on what the rest of 2025 holds for nonprofits and...
Read the full article - What the rest of 2025 holds for Nonprofits and NGOs

This article was posted in Strategy & insight, Nonprofit

2025-02-21 4 months ago / 未收藏/ liquidlight发送到 kindle
A strong social media presence is essential for nonprofits. We explore tools, tips, and strategies to simplify management, boost engagement, and maximise impact with limited resources.
Read the full article - Social media success for nonprofits: tools to save time and increase impact

This article was posted in Strategy & insight, Nonprofit, Brand development

2025-03-03 4 months ago / 未收藏/ liquidlight发送到 kindle
For many of the organisations we work with, measuring impact is a critical component of an organisation's success. However proving effectiveness isn't always straightforward, and is often a challenge.
Read the full article - Beyond the numbers: overcoming challenges in measuring impact

This article was posted in Strategy & insight, Nonprofit

2025-06-17 13 days ago / 未收藏/ liquidlight发送到 kindle
Here are 5 donation platforms that you can use for a non-governmental organisation or not-for-profit.
Read the full article - What is the best donation platform to use for an NGO or NFP?

This article was posted in Strategy & insight, Nonprofit

"美团技术团队" / 2025-06-20 10 days ago / 未收藏/ meituan发送到 kindle
本文系《可信实验白皮书》系列的第六篇文章,上一篇我们介绍了准实验,然后重点介绍了双重差分法,包括概述、评估原理及美团的一些实践案例。本篇重点介绍了观察性研究,内容主要包括合成控制法、匹配方法、Causal Impact等几个方面。
"美团技术团队" / 2025-06-20 10 days ago / 未收藏/ meituan发送到 kindle
美团信息安全技术团队核心服务升级JDK 17后,性能与稳定性大幅提升,机器成本降低了10%。高版本JDK与ZGC技术令人惊艳,且Java AI SDK最低支持JDK 17。本文总结了JDK 17的主要特性,然后重点分享了JDK 17+ZGC在安全领域的一些实践,希望能对大家有所帮助或启发。
"C. Maoxian" / 2025-06-19 11 days ago / 未收藏/ maoxian发送到 kindle

I subscribe to Proud Mary’s monthly “deluxe” offering for $39. Every month they send me 100 grams of a special coffee. For June they sent Sitio da Pedra’s Cocarive Auction #1, which is a naturally processed Arara (a variety I’ve never had before).

The beans smell lovely. They were roasted on June 2nd, so they have been resting a little over two weeks, which may be the perfect time.

Here are the ground beans (Comandante C40 at 25 clix) in the sifter:

28 grams of ground coffee yields 20 grams of consistent grind once you filter out the fines using a sifter. It’s very important that you get this step of the coffee making right when making pour-over. Coffee that is too finely ground will extract quickly and make it taste too strong and muddy. Spend $100 on a sifter, you won’t regret it!

Here’s the perfectly consistent grind (no grind finer than 800 microns):

I use a Chemex (hand-blown of course, and pronounced “sha-may”) to make coffee. 200 degree Fahrenheit water with three pours: first pour to 50 grams (30 seconds), second pour to 150 grams (90 seconds), third and final pour to 300 grams (150 to 180 seconds).

A “three-cup” Chemex makes one cup of coffee. A “five cup” Chemex makes two cups of coffee. That’s a three-cup Chemex below:

This method makes a perfect 10 ounce cup of coffee.

This Arara coffee from Sitio da Pedra in Brazil is very nice. Clean and good coffee flavor, a pretty strong coffee aftertaste, very little acidity (sourness), maybe a touch at first but it’s subtle and a complex sour (not a bad sour). This is good coffee. I’d recommend trying it if you have never had Arara.

Earlier:

Brewing a Cup of Mamuto AA from George Howell Coffee

Brewing a Cup of La Negrita Yellow Gesha from Blendin Coffee Club

Brewing a Cup of Finca La Soledad Cold-Ferment Typica from Bean & Bean Coffee

Brewing a Cup of Finca Momoto Natural Geisha from Proud Mary Coffee

Brewing a Cup of La Bendición CoE #1 from Bean & Bean Coffee

Brewing a Cup of Hawaii Kona Extra Fancy from Bean & Bean Coffee

Brewing a Cup of Monte Llano Bonito El Kinkajou CoE #3 from Bean & Bean Coffee

Brewing a Cup of Momokiemo CoE #2 from Bean & Bean Coffee

Brewing a Cup of Sítio Santa Luzia CoE #3 from Bean & Bean Coffee

Brewing a Cup of Ponderosa CoE #4 from Proud Mary Coffee

Brewing a Cup of El Injerto La Calaca from George Howell Coffee

Brewing a Cup of Finca La Mula from Blendin Coffee Club

"C. Maoxian" / 2025-06-22 8 days ago / 未收藏/ maoxian发送到 kindle

I paid $52 for 100 grams of Esmeralda Buenos Aires 2NC, which will make around four cups of coffee. This is a naturally-processed Geisha. It’s no longer in stock, but the web page remains. I’m glad to see that Blendin Coffee Club no longer scrubs the web pages of the coffees they sell once they are out of stock.

The beans were SUPER hard to grind, which is often the case with Geishas. It’s like grinding up little stones. Strong berry aroma.

Here’s the 28 grams of grind in the sifter after using the Comandante C40 at 25 Clix. This will yield 20 grams of perfect grind after sifting.

No grounds smaller than 800 microns. This is all-important when making pour-over. When I see people dump coffee ground straight from the grinder into the filter, it makes me shudder. Do you even sift, bro?

Usual recipe: 15:1, 200-degree Fahrenheit water, three pours, 50 ml to 30 seconds, 150 ml to 90 seconds, 300 ml to 150-180 seconds. Hand-blown sha-may. When I see people make coffee in anything but a Chemex, it makes me shudder. Yes, again.

Lovely color.

This Geisha is much more coffee-forward than other Geishas I’ve tried. The really superb Geisha don’t taste of coffee at all on the tongue. It’s like a sneak attack. The coffee flavor hits and hits hard only after a minute. This Buenos Aires 2NC has coffee right up front, which makes me think it’s a lesser Geisha, but I could be wrong about that. It’s still good. Maybe my expectations were too high. Anything from Hacienda La Esmeralda commands a super premium price, even if it’s one of their lesser crops. That’s my opinion anyway.

Earlier:

Brewing a Cup of Sitio da Pedra Cocarive Auction #1 from Proud Mary Coffee

Brewing a Cup of Mamuto AA from George Howell Coffee

Brewing a Cup of La Negrita Yellow Gesha from Blendin Coffee Club

Brewing a Cup of Finca La Soledad Cold-Ferment Typica from Bean & Bean Coffee

Brewing a Cup of Finca Momoto Natural Geisha from Proud Mary Coffee

Brewing a Cup of La Bendición CoE #1 from Bean & Bean Coffee

Brewing a Cup of Hawaii Kona Extra Fancy from Bean & Bean Coffee

Brewing a Cup of Monte Llano Bonito El Kinkajou CoE #3 from Bean & Bean Coffee

Brewing a Cup of Momokiemo CoE #2 from Bean & Bean Coffee

Brewing a Cup of Sítio Santa Luzia CoE #3 from Bean & Bean Coffee

Brewing a Cup of Ponderosa CoE #4 from Proud Mary Coffee

Brewing a Cup of El Injerto La Calaca from George Howell Coffee

Brewing a Cup of Finca La Mula from Blendin Coffee Club

"Admin" / 2025-06-18 12 days ago / 未收藏/ freeebooksblog发送到 kindle
Reese’s Cowboy Kiss: Witness Protection – Rancher Style: Blake’s Story (Sweet Montana Bride Series, Book 1) By Kimberly / Genre: Clean & Wholesome, Romance When Reese is sent to Emerson Ranch, she meets Blake, the cowboy who agreed to protect her. There’s just one little problem: Blake agreed to house a guy with ranch experience, […]
The post Best Free and Bargain Kindle Books: 06-17-25 appeared first on Free Ebooks Blog.
"Admin" / 2025-06-19 11 days ago / 未收藏/ freeebooksblog发送到 kindle
The Devil I Don’t Know: An Arranged Marriage Mafia Romance (Brooklyn Kings Book 1) By LK Shaw / Genre: Billionaires & Millionaires, Romance Jacob My father is dying, and I’ve been called back to Brooklyn to take my place as the head of the Italian syndicate. After a seven year absence, my first test of […]
The post Best Free and Bargain Kindle Books: 06-18-25 appeared first on Free Ebooks Blog.
"Admin" / 2025-06-20 10 days ago / 未收藏/ freeebooksblog发送到 kindle
Heart of Stone (The Stone Saga Book 1) By Dakota Willin / Genre: Suspense, Romantic Suspense, Romance A billionaire with a secret he’ll do anything to protect… Until he met her. Krystina It all began when I forgot my cell phone. He wasn’t supposed to be there when I fell. I wasn’t supposed to get […]
The post Best Free and Bargain Kindle Books: 06-19-25 appeared first on Free Ebooks Blog.
"Admin" / 2025-06-21 9 days ago / 未收藏/ freeebooksblog发送到 kindle
All I Want Is You (Forever and Ever #1) By E. L. Todd / Genre: Romantic Comedy, Romance Our parents have been best friends since before we were born. We were in diapers together, bathed together, were in the same classes from pre-school to high school. Now we’re adults living on campus and I focus […]
The post Best Free and Bargain Kindle Books: 06-20-25 appeared first on Free Ebooks Blog.
"Admin" / 2025-06-22 8 days ago / 未收藏/ freeebooksblog发送到 kindle
Let Me Burn (Angel Sands Book 1) By Carrie Elks / Genre: #BookTok Books: Romance, 34875086-8a6a-4dfe-b095-4d85fb30b3ba_3501, 34875086-8a6a-4dfe-b095-4d85fb30b3ba_0 He’s the broody firefighter on forced leave. She’s the woman who swore she’d never fall again. But in a town this small, resisting each other isn’t an option. After a line-of-duty accident sidelines his career, Lucas Russell retreats […]
The post Best Free and Bargain Kindle Books: 06-21-25 appeared first on Free Ebooks Blog.
"Ryan Law" / 2025-06-17 13 days ago / 未收藏/ ahrefs发送到 kindle
In this article, we’re looking at the performance of AI content. Does it rank? Does it perform better or worse than human content? Is it riskier than human content? Websites using AI content grew 5% faster than those not using
Read more ›
"Ryan Law" / 2025-06-17 13 days ago / 未收藏/ ahrefs发送到 kindle
The roll-out of AI Overviews now creates two opportunities for top-ranking content to log impressions for a given keyword, while simultaneously reducing the number of people who click from the search engine results page (SERP) into your content. If your
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"Louise Linehan" / 2025-06-17 13 days ago / 未收藏/ ahrefs发送到 kindle
This sits at odds with Google’s original search model, which worked by passing on referral traffic to third-party sites. Google is getting better at creating zero-click searches, and that means that websites get fewer and fewer clicks in search. Zero-click
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"Patrick Stox" / 2025-06-18 12 days ago / 未收藏/ ahrefs发送到 kindle
The problem is that AI bots are new to web crawling. They’re still making some silly crawl decisions, bumping around, and wasting a lot of resources. We’ve already seen that AI bots are starting to be blocked by a lot
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"Ryan Law" / 2025-06-18 12 days ago / 未收藏/ ahrefs发送到 kindle
In this article, we’re looking specifically at the costs and budgets associated with AI content. How much does AI content cost? Are companies investing more, or less? AI-generated content is 4.7x cheaper than human-written content. The average cost per AI-generated
Read more ›
"Si Quan Ong" / 2025-06-19 11 days ago / 未收藏/ ahrefs发送到 kindle
It’s a search engine: To learn more about TikTok SEO, I hopped on a call with Charlotte Ang, the co-founder of Traffic Bees, a digital marketing agency based in Singapore that also owns PickleGO, a pickleball equipment store that she
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"Patrick Stox" / 2025-06-19 11 days ago / 未收藏/ ahrefs发送到 kindle
Instead of just looking at which websites are mentioned the most, I wanted to understand whether those mentions actually match the popularity of the topics being discussed. I compared each domain’s Mention Share (how often it shows up) to its
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"Mateusz Makosiewicz" / 2025-06-20 10 days ago / 未收藏/ ahrefs发送到 kindle
To help you get it right, I turned to someone who’s been deep in the trenches of localization: Erik Sarissky, Head of International Marketing and Product Localization at Ahrefs. Erik has quadrupled organic traffic to Ahrefs’ Spanish blog in 18
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"Kev Quirk" / 2025-06-18 12 days ago / 未收藏/ kevq发送到 kindle
I've always enjoyed the (link: https://kevquirk.com/tag:Bobiverse%20Series text: Bobiverse Series), and this book is no exception. However, I feel like there's …
"Kev Quirk" / 2025-06-18 12 days ago / 未收藏/ kevq发送到 kindle
Does anyone else's #Ubuntu machine hang on shutdown? This happens to me regularly. It just sits there and I have to long-press the power button.
"Kev Quirk" / 2025-06-19 11 days ago / 未收藏/ kevq发送到 kindle
If you have never stood in front of your destination, with your back to it, and said to the kids *"I think it's around here somewhere. Possibly over there...* …
"Kev Quirk" / 2025-06-20 11 days ago / 未收藏/ kevq发送到 kindle
Haven't ridden the #Enfield since I bought the BMW. Decided I'd take it to work today to see if I can make up my mind about whether or not I want to sell it. …
"Kev Quirk" / 2025-06-20 10 days ago / 未收藏/ kevq发送到 kindle
It's about a million degrees here in the UK today. This happens about 3 times/yr; for those days we have a portable Aircon unit. Got it out to cool the bedroom …
"Kev Quirk" / 2025-06-20 10 days ago / 未收藏/ kevq发送到 kindle
I've been thinking about changing some stuff up around here lately, but I'm on the fence about what to do. You could say I'm doing a (link:https://baty.net …
"Kev Quirk" / 2025-06-21 9 days ago / 未收藏/ kevq发送到 kindle
It will be too hot to walk the dogs later, so I made a coffee and took them up on the fields in my PJs. The cat even joined us (which is impressive since she's …
"Kev Quirk" / 2025-06-21 9 days ago / 未收藏/ kevq发送到 kindle
I think we need to double-click and take a holistic approach to the strategy here. https://nolearnings.com/
"Kev Quirk" / 2025-06-21 9 days ago / 未收藏/ kevq发送到 kindle
I just had a 5 minute conversation with my oldest son about Fortnite. I have no idea what he said; it's a completely different language. 🥴
"Kev Quirk" / 2025-06-22 8 days ago / 未收藏/ kevq发送到 kindle
The edges of the case I have on my phone are textured to help with grip. Why can't phone manufacturers do that on the phone itself? They're so bloody slippy …
"Kev Quirk" / 2025-06-22 8 days ago / 未收藏/ kevq发送到 kindle
Ok, [my moment of irrational thought](https://kevquirk.com/blog/doing-a-jack-baty) has ended and I'm now thinking more clearly - I don't need to switch …
"Rina Diane Caballar" / 2025-06-17 13 days ago / 未收藏/ spectrum发送到 kindle


Vikram Koka stumbled upon Apache Airflow in late 2019. He was working in the Internet of Things industry and searching for a solution to orchestrate sensor data using software. Airflow seemed to be a perfect fit, but Koka noticed the open-source project’s stagnant state. Thus began a journey to breathe a second life into this dying software.
Airflow was the brainchild of Airbnb. The company created the system to automate and manage its data-related workflows, such as cleaning and organizing datasets in its data warehouse and calculating metrics around host and guest engagement. In 2015, Airbnb released the software as open source. Then, four years later, Airflow transitioned into a top-level project at the Apache Software Foundation, a leading developer and steward of open-source software.

Airflow’s Growth and Community Expansion

The release served as a crucial turning point for the project. Downloads from its GitHub repository increased, and more enterprises adopted the software. Encouraged by this growth, the team envisioned the next generation of Airflow: a modular architecture, a more modern user interface, and a “run anywhere, anytime” feature, enabling it to operate on premises, in the cloud, or on edge devices and handle event-driven and ad hoc scenarios in addition to scheduled tasks. The team delivered on this vision with the launch of Airflow 3.0 last April.
“It was amazing that we managed to ‘rebuild the plane while flying it’ when we worked on Airflow 3—even if we had some temporary issues and glitches,” says Jarek Potiuk, one of the foremost contributors to Airflow and now a member of its project-management committee. “We had to refactor and move a lot of pieces of the software while keeping Airflow 2 running and providing some bug fixes for it.”
Compared with Airflow’s second version, which Koka says had only a few hundred to a thousand downloads per month on GitHub, “now we’re averaging somewhere between 35 to 40 million downloads a month,” he says. The project’s community also soared, with more than 3,000 developers of all skill levels from around the world contributing to Airflow.
Jens Scheffler is an active part of that community. As a technical architect of digital testing automation at Bosch, his team was one of the early adopters of Airflow, using the software to orchestrate tests for the company’s automated driving systems.
Scheffler was inspired by the openness and responsiveness of Airflow members to his requests for guidance and support, so he considered “giving back something to the community—a contribution of code.” He submitted a few patches at first, then implemented an idea for a feature that would benefit not only his team but other Airflow users as well. Scheffler also discovered other departments within Bosch employing Airflow, so they’ve formed a small in-house community “so we can exchange knowledge and keep in touch.”
Koka, who is also a member of Airflow’s project-management committee and a chief strategy officer at the data-operations platform Astronomer, notes that managing a huge group of contributors is challenging, but nurturing that network is as essential as improving the software. The Airflow team has established a system that enables developers to contribute gradually, starting with documentation and then progressing to small issues and bug fixes before tackling larger features. The team also makes it a point to swiftly respond and provide constructive feedback.
“For many of us in the community, [Airflow] is an adopted child. None of us were the original creators, but we want more people feeling they’ve also adopted it,” says Koka. “We’re in different organizations, in different countries, speak different languages, but we’re still able to come together toward a certain mission. I love being able to do that.”

Future of Airflow in AI and Machine Learning

The Airflow team is already planning future features. This includes tools to write tasks in programming languages other than Python, human-in-the-loop capabilities to review and approve tasks at certain checkpoints, and support for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning workflows. According to Airflow’s 2024 survey, the software has a rising number of use cases in machine learning operations (MLOps) and generative AI.
“We are at a pivotal moment where AI and ML workloads are the most important things in the IT industry, and there is a great need to make all those workloads—from training to inference and agentic processing—robust, reliable, scalable, and generally have a rock-solid foundation they can run on,” Potiuk says. “I see Airflow as such a foundation.”
"Elan Head" / 2025-06-17 13 days ago / 未收藏/ spectrum发送到 kindle


In August 2001, an anonymous guest posted on the forum at Airliners.net, a popular aviation website. “How Long Will Pilots Be Needed?” they wondered, observing that “20 years or so down the road” technology could be so advanced that planes would fly themselves. “So would it really be useful for a person to go to college now and be an airline pilot if a few years down the road they will be phased out by technology?”
Twenty-four years later, the basic technology required to make aircraft fly themselves exists, as evidenced by the fact that most commercial flights are flown largely on autopilot. Yet, the fundamental model of flying commercial aircraft hasn’t really changed. Passengers are still flown on large jetliners by two or more highly trained human pilots functioning as a team.
The main reason why airlines are still decades away from pilotless planes boils down to the strict regulatory framework for aviation. At the heart of this regulation is certification—the process by which governmental authorities determine that an aircraft design is safe for flight. Even for conventional aircraft based on proven technologies, taking a concept from design through certification can require hundreds of millions of dollars and the better part of a decade. Tack on any novel technologies, such as the autonomy necessary to remove the pilot from the cockpit, and that process just gets longer and more expensive, with no guarantee of success.
Nevertheless, and despite the daunting odds against them, a new generation of startups is making a run at certifying autonomous passenger and cargo aircraft, in the process laying the groundwork for the next chapter of aviation. Instead of airliners, these companies are starting with small aircraft: electric air taxis and single-engine planes that typically seat fewer than a dozen people. Not only are the associated capital costs more manageable on a startup’s budget, there’s also a persuasive safety case to be made: Small aircraft are still prone to the types of accidents that have been largely eliminated from commercial airline operations. According to statistics compiled by the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, around 300 people die each year in small plane and helicopter crashes in the United States alone.
“Loss of control—mishandling the plane, usually as a result of disorientation or excessive workload—and controlled flight into terrain, [those] are the leading causes of accidents in small aircraft,” says Robert Rose, cofounder and CEO of Reliable Robotics, one of a few startups now working on retrofits that could enable Cessna Caravan planes to fly autonomously. A veteran of SpaceX and Tesla, Rose is adamant that “we, as a nation, possess the technology to prevent these accidents. If we can [autonomously] land a rocket on a small barge in the middle of the ocean, clearly we can find the centerline at an airport.”

The economic case for autonomy in aviation

While the safety argument for making small aircraft autonomous is a compelling one, the move is fundamentally rooted in economics. California-based Reliable Robotics and Massachusetts-based Merlin Labs are developing the commercial versions of their autonomous Caravans initially for the cargo feeder industry, which uses small airplanes to move packages to and from rural markets on behalf of carriers like FedEx and UPS. (Both companies also have military funding to develop autonomous aircraft.) Pilots for these feeder networks are typically flying alone, often at night and in bad weather, and their safety record is poor. This is a comparatively low-volume segment of the aviation industry, and there’s no money for second pilots and other risk mitigations typical of airline operations.

A white airplane is parked on an airport tarmac close to a hangar. Two men are carrying a large box towards the airplane.Reliable Robotics is one of a couple of companies that are outfitting Cessna Caravan airplanes with advanced software to provide a high level of autonomy, for applications that include cargo transportation. Reliable Robotics
The economic argument for autonomy is even more compelling in the emerging air-taxi industry, where hundreds of hopefuls—including a dozen or so serious contenders—are racing to develop electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft to ferry passengers around crowded urban areas. Most of these eVTOLs are the size of helicopters, with space for just four or five passengers, and their proponents envision scores or even hundreds of them in the air over major cities, collectively moving millions of passengers annually. The concept is called urban air mobility, and in the speculative math that underpins it, eliminating the expense of a pilot and freeing up another seat for a paying passenger are seen as key to maximizing profits and scale.
China has already certified a pilotless air taxi: the EH216-S, a two-seat multicopter developed by Guangzhou-based EHang that in March obtained initial approval from the Civil Aviation Administration of China for limited commercial sightseeing operations. However, many Western observers doubt that EHang’s design would pass muster by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) or the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), both of which have an especially conservative approach to safety. For that reason, most Western eVTOL makers have opted to develop piloted aircraft first and plan to introduce autonomous versions at some later date. They figure that seeking certification of novel electric aircraft designs, even without autonomy, is already a big ask of these regulators.
A notable exception to this strategy is Wisk Aero, which began as a project funded by Google cofounder Larry Page and is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Boeing. In January 2022, the company declared that it would obtain FAA certification for its self-flying air taxi by the end of the decade and be operating close to 14 million flights annually within five years after that—a staggering ambition, given that the entire U.S. air traffic system currently manages around 16 million flights per year. While overheated expectations around urban air mobility have cooled considerably in the three years since that announcement, Wisk continues to forge ahead with its autonomous Generation 6 eVTOL, the company’s sixth aircraft design and the first it plans to certify for passenger-carrying operations.

a futuristic, bright yellow aircraft  sits on a large concrete pad with a blue sky in the background. A mockup of Wisk’s sixth generation of electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft was unveiled in October 2022. Wisk
Importantly, Wisk, Reliable Robotics, and Merlin Labs aren’t just developing autonomous aircraft—they have already launched formal certification programs with the FAA. That means they’re working closely with the agency to define the rules and standards by which autonomous aircraft will be approved for commercial operations, blazing a trail for others to follow. The task is a daunting one, but the regulators and industry are not starting from scratch. Rather, they’re building on decades of certification experience and best practices that have helped to dramatically improve the safety of the aviation industry over its history.

Aviation safety starts with certification

Although the fatal January 2025 midair collision of an Army Black Hawk helicopter and an American Eagle CRJ700 near Washington, D.C.’s Reagan National Airport shook public confidence in the safety of the U.S. air transport system, commercial aviation remains a remarkably safe way to get around. According to researchers at MIT, the risk of a fatality from commercial air travel was just one per 13.7 million passenger boardings worldwide between 2018 and 2022. Fifty years earlier, the risk was an order of magnitude higher: one per 350,000 boardings between 1968 and 1977.
There are many reasons for this great leap in safety, and the certification process is an important one. Today, a majority of aviation accidents are attributed to human error, but that’s not because people are inherently less reliable than aircraft. It’s because a systematic approach to design and testing has over the past several decades eliminated many of the mechanical problems that used to cause accidents routinely. In this context, the argument for enhancing safety through autonomy can be thought of as transferring even more responsibilities from highly variable humans to engineered systems that can be subjected to greater scrutiny.
The overarching principle of certification is that the equipment and systems on an aircraft must be designed and installed so that they perform as intended during any foreseeable circumstances that they might encounter. “Perform as intended” includes not performing any unintended functions. An example of an unintended function is pushing the nose of an aircraft down past the level that a pilot can recover—that was the fatal result of a hidden software flaw that caused two crashes of the Boeing 737 Max and led to an extended grounding of the fleet while that oversight was remedied.
Another key principle of certification is that the probability of a failure condition must be inversely proportional to its consequences. In other words, the more serious the impact of a failure, the more remote its chances of occurrence need to be. Aircraft are complex machines with millions of components that can and do fail, but many of these components can fail with no serious effects. For example, it’s no big deal if a lightbulb in the cabin burns out on a regular basis. Certifying authorities like the FAA generally accept a high probability of failure conditions that have a negligible impact on safety. However, failure conditions that are potentially catastrophic are required to be “extremely improbable.”
Whether a failure condition is extremely improbable is fundamentally a qualitative evaluation that relies on the best judgments of engineers about how a system is likely to fail, supported by numerical assessments of the likelihood of failure. The critical systems on large commercial airliners are held to a numerical safety level of 10-9, meaning that catastrophic failures are expected no more than once in a billion flight hours (the equivalent of once in about 114,000 years of continuous operation).
Achieving such vanishingly low probabilities may require expensive, heavy, and redundant systems, so regulators typically relax the safety expectations for small aircraft that carry fewer people. For example, a four-seat airplane like a Cessna 172 may only be held to a numerical safety level of 10-6, meaning that catastrophic failures are expected no more than once in a million flight hours. That said, aircraft manufacturers are free to design to higher standards, and Wisk is targeting the highest numerical safety level, 10-9, for its Gen 6 eVTOL.
These basic principles of certification apply regardless of whether or not there’s a human pilot sitting in the cockpit, which is why developers of autonomous aircraft are confident they don’t need to completely reinvent the certification framework.
“Everybody thinks that you need to think about the autonomy a different way than you would think about a piloted aircraft,” says Cindy Comer, Wisk’s vice president of certification, safety management systems and quality. “But really we just don’t get to pass off these failure conditions to a pilot. We still do our safety assessment the same way. We still may design our aircraft in a very similar way, but it may be to higher levels, it may be with more redundancy, or maybe we add equipment, because we no longer have that person that can sit there and see the things, grab the things, to pull the breakers.
“So it drives our safety assessments to say, ‘Okay, we can’t put this on the pilot now. So what do we put it on?’”

Key Aircraft Autonomy Projects


Making autonomy certifiable presents unique challenges

Answering that question—What do we put it on?—for every foreseeable failure condition is where the real work of certifying an autonomous aircraft comes in. Conventionally piloted aircraft may use the same overarching framework for certification, but they have the advantage of decades of certification history and precedent to fill in all of the details, down to requirements for such things as the actuation of the landing gear and the markings of instruments and placards. For the new systems on autonomous aircraft, many of those details must be negotiated with the FAA or some other certifying authority, which must be convinced in each instance that the proposed solution is at least as safe as the approach used on conventional aircraft.
In the United States, applicants for type certificates have considerable flexibility in proposing how to meet the FAA’s safety goals. For each project incorporating novel technologies, the applicant and the agency agree on a set of requirements and standards, which becomes the “regulatory basis” for that aircraft. Theoretically, each autonomous-aircraft developer could have a very different regulatory basis, although in practice, the FAA looks for common ground. Nevertheless, the flexibility in this approach allows industry to explore a variety of possible ways to comply with a certification requirement before a solution is codified in regulation.

A white single-engine airplane with a high wing is seen flying over scrubby brown terrain.Merlin Labs launched the flight test campaign for its certification-ready autonomy system in June 2024. The Merlin Pilot system is integrated directly onto the aircraft and is intended in the near term to reduce crew workload rather than fully replace pilots.Merlin Labs
“Once you have the regulatory basis in place, then you need to come to agreement on how you’re going to demonstrate compliance to all of those regulations,” says Rose. “You can pull from existing standards, you can modify existing standards, or you can, in some cases, even just propose your own standards.” After agreeing upon the means of compliance, the applicant and regulator develop a detailed project plan that outlines the tests that will be performed and the reports—known as artifacts—that will be submitted to the regulator to support certification.
For conventional piloted aircraft with a history of real-world operations, much of how those aircraft will function in the national airspace system is assumed. “Large commercial airplanes operate from airports around the world with relatively known and static equipment that helps them navigate and approach and land,” says Brian Yutko, until recently Wisk’s CEO (he now heads commercial airplane product development at Boeing). This infrastructure, he adds, has been established over decades and is reflected in the design of aircraft in ways that are often taken for granted.
The existing system relies heavily on human pilots communicating with air traffic controllers over radio. Autonomous aircraft will require new concepts of operations, or “ConOps,” for how they will function, which could include using ground supervisors to handle radio calls, for example. In turn, the specifics of each ConOps will influence aircraft design requirements. According to Comer, crystallizing the ConOps at the beginning of the certification process “helps drive a common understanding of what you’re actually doing, and that may be different for every applicant with the FAA.”
Basically, Wisk intends for its autonomous air taxi, which Yutko has likened to “a tram in the sky,” to fly along very specific and limited routes with predetermined emergency landing locations. Such a narrow set of tasks is an easier thing to automate than the varied and flexible operations performed by most small piloted aircraft today (or, for that matter, most self-driving cars). Meanwhile, human supervisors on the ground will monitor flights and communicate with air traffic control as required.
Reliable Robotics’ automated Cessna Caravans will also have remote operators to handle communications with air traffic control, but they will fly over a much larger and more variable operating area. Because of this added complexity, Reliable has opted to split up the work of certifying its autonomous aircraft into chunks, beginning with certification of an advanced, always-on autopilot. This will assist but not replace the onboard pilot during all phases of flight, including landing as well as taxi and takeoff—which traditional autopilots are not capable of. Taking the pilot out of the cockpit will come as a follow-on certification project.

Autonomous aircraft will do what autopilots can’t

Proponents of autonomy like to point out that most commercial airline flights today are flown on autopilot from shortly after takeoff until touchdown or just before. It may therefore seem surprising that Europe’s aviation regulator, EASA, does not expect to see fully autonomous airliners until after 2050, while other regulators haven’t even speculated on a timeline for the shift.
There are several reasons why “solving” autonomy in aircraft is not just a matter of expanding the functionality of existing autopilots. Basic flight control—moving flight-control surfaces and power inputs to make an aircraft fly how and where you want—is a relatively simple thing to automate, and most of the time, when everything goes as expected, autopilot works just fine. However, most existing autopilot systems assume there’s a human pilot, and for that reason they aren’t reliable enough to enable full autonomy.
“There are autopilot actuators that go into aircraft today,” notes Reliable cofounder Rose. “But there’s a person sitting there monitoring them, and if [the actuators] do anything funny, then you click the off switch or actually, in many cases, you can just physically overpower the actuator. That’s not the case with ours—our actuators need to work all the time.”
More challenging is solving for situations when everything does not go as expected, such as when another aircraft conflicts with the programmed flight path or a stray vehicle blocks the assigned runway. Autonomous-aircraft developers can’t count on a remote operator to manage these types of urgent, sudden conflicts, because the command-and-control (C2) link between the ground and the aircraft could also fail.
“The aircraft, without having a [pilot] on board, needs to know where it is, and how to get where it’s going and how to avoid things along the way, over the length of its concept of operations,” says Yutko. Wisk’s Gen 6 flier will have the ability to safely complete a flight even if it loses both its C2 link and GPS signal immediately after takeoff, he says. “It turns out that if you don’t do that, then you start to impose really difficult technical requirements on the C2 link, or on your ability to maintain GPS.”

In the speculative math that underpins urban air mobility, eliminating the expense of a pilot and freeing up another seat for a paying passenger are seen as key to maximizing profits and scale.
Neither Wisk nor Reliable Robotics is using machine learning algorithms in its technical solutions, in large part because there’s no consensus on how to assure, to aviation’s exacting standards, the safety of such algorithms. These algorithms are frequently characterized as “nondeterministic,” meaning that their outputs can’t be reliably predicted from their inputs.
Some autonomous-aircraft developers are incorporating artificial intelligence into their designs. Merlin Labs, for example, is developing natural-language-processing algorithms to communicate with air traffic control. For the most part, however, autonomous-aircraft developers aren’t counting on technology alone to solve the innumerable contingencies that can arise in flight—that’s where the ground operators come in.
“We basically have taken everything that can be [automated] deterministically, and we’re making it deterministic,” Rose explains. “And all of the things that are…very hard to automate, that a human can do easily, then let the human do it.”
Which raises the question: If humans are required to supervise autonomous aircraft, does the business case for them still hold up? Their developers say it does, but in ways that aren’t as simple as just striking “pilots” from the balance sheet. For example, those remote supervisors will need training, but that’s likely to be far less extensive and costly than the training required to competently fly an aircraft. For Reliable Robotics and other companies targeting cargo delivery, autonomy also promises to improve the efficiency of the existing cargo feeder network.
“The reality is, in cargo aircraft, especially small cargo aircraft, pilots are super underutilized,” says Rose. Pilots at the feeder airlines may spend most of their day hanging out in a hotel room between their morning and evening flights. If people were instead managing autonomous cargo aircraft remotely, they could conceivably oversee additional flights across multiple time zones. “Our analysis has shown you can easily double the productivity of a pilot by putting them into our control center, potentially triple or quadruple the productivity [depending] on the mission set,” Rose says.

Autonomous tech might eventually trickle up

Even if companies like Wisk and Reliable Robotics succeed in certifying and commercializing their autonomous aircraft, human pilots still won’t face imminent extinction. Solving autonomy for one aircraft type and concept of operations doesn’t mean it’s solved for all types and concepts of operations. The technical, regulatory, and social barriers standing in the way of autonomous passenger jets are formidable.
“I think for as long as we’re all alive, there will be piloted large commercial aircraft,” Yutko says. “If you solve Gen 6, you don’t get uncrewed large airplanes. You just don’t, and I’m not certain that we will in our lifetimes.” However, he does think it likely that some of the technologies now being developed at Wisk—such as navigating in the absence of GPS or techniques for automating emergency checklists—will find their way into conventionally piloted aircraft in ways that enhance safety.
“I think those will be the types of things that we see in our lifetime benefiting big commercial transport applications, and I think it’s phenomenal,” adds Comer.
As for whether it makes sense for anyone to embark upon a career as an airline pilot under the looming shadow of autonomy, it probably still does, at least for now. But check back in another 20 years.
"Ernie Smith" / 2025-06-17 13 days ago / 未收藏/ spectrum发送到 kindle


For roughly three decades, the JPEG has been the World Wide Web’s primary image format. But it wasn’t the one the Web started with. In fact, the first mainstream graphical browser, NCSA Mosaic, didn’t initially support inline JPEG files—just inline GIFs, along with a couple of other formats forgotten to history. However, the JPEG had many advantages over the format it quickly usurped.

aspect_ratioTedium logo, a red rectangle with the word Tedium in white, above the text "This post originally appeared on Tedium."
Despite not appearing together right away—the JPEG first appeared in Netscape in 1995, three years after the image standard was officially published—the JPEG and Web browser fit together naturally. JPEG files degraded more gracefully than GIFs, retaining more of the picture’s initial form—and that allowed the format to scale to greater levels of success. While it wasn’t capable of animation, it progressively expanded from something a modem could pokily render to a format that was good enough for high-end professional photography.
For the Internet’s purposes, the degradation was the important part. But it wasn’t the only thing that made the JPEG immensely valuable to the digital world. An essential part was that it was a documented standard built by numerous stakeholders.

The GIF was a de facto standard. The JPEG was an actual one

How important is it that JPEG was a standard? Let me tell you a story.
During a 2013 New York Times interview conducted just before he received an award honoring his creation, GIF creator Steve Wilhite stepped into a debate he unwittingly created. Simply put, nobody knew how to pronounce the acronym for the image format he had fostered, the Graphics Interchange Format. He used the moment to attempt to set the record straight—it was pronounced like the peanut butter brand: “It is a soft ‘G,’ pronounced ‘jif.’ End of story,” he said.
I posted a quote from Wilhite on my popular Tumblr around that time, a period when the social media site was the center of the GIF universe. And soon afterward, my post got thousands of reblogs—nearly all of them disagreeing with Wilhite. Soon, Wilhite’s quote became a meme.
The situation paints how Wilhite, who died in 2022, did not develop his format by committee. He could say it sounded like “JIF” because he built it himself. He was handed the project as a CompuServe employee in 1987; he produced the object, and that was that. The initial document describing how it works? Dead simple. Thirty-eight years later, we’re still using the GIF—but it never rose to the same prevalence of JPEG.
The JPEG, which formally emerged about five years later, was very much not that situation. Far from it, in fact—it’s the difference between a de facto standard and an actual one. And that proved essential to its eventual ubiquity.

Full-resolution photo of a sunlit pine forest with a narrow trail winding through the trees and grassy undergrowth. We’re going to degrade the quality of this image throughout this article. At its full image size, it’s 13.7 megabytes.Irina Iriser

How the JPEG format came to life

Built with input from dozens of stakeholders, the Joint Photographic Experts Group ultimately aimed to create a format that fit everyone’s needs. (Reflecting its committee-led roots, there would be no confusion about the format’s name—an acronym of the organization that designed it.) And when the format was finally unleashed on the world, it was the subject of a book that was more than 600 pages.
JPEG: Still Image Data Compression Standard, written by IBM employees and JPEG organization stakeholders William B. Pennebaker and Joan L. Mitchell, describes a landscape of multimedia imagery, held back without a way to balance the need for photorealistic images and immediacy. Standardization, they believed, could fix this.
“The problem was not so much the lack of algorithms for image compression (as there is a long history of technical work in this area),” the authors wrote, “but, rather, the lack of a standard algorithm—one which would allow an interchange of images between diverse applications.”
And they were absolutely right. For more than 30 years, JPEG has made high-quality, high-resolution photography accessible in operating systems far and wide. Although we no longer need to compress JPEGs to within an inch of their life, having that capability helped enable the modern Internet.
As the book notes, Mitchell and Pennebaker were given IBM’s support to follow through this research and work with the JPEG committee, and that support led them to develop many of the JPEG format’s foundational patents. Described in patents filed by Mitchell and Pennebaker in 1988, IBM and other members of the JPEG standards committee, such as AT&T and Canon, were developing ways to use compression to make high-quality images easier to deliver in confined settings.
Each member brought their own needs to the process. Canon, obviously, was more focused on printers and photography, while AT&T’s interests were tied to data transmission. Together, the companies left behind a standard that has stood the test of time.
All this means, funnily enough, that the first place that a program capable of using JPEG compression appeared was not MacOS or Windows, but OS/2—a fascinating-but-failed graphical operating system created by Pennebaker and Mitchell’s employer, IBM. As early as 1990, OS/2 supported the format through the OS/2 Image Support application.

Nearly identical photo of a sunlit pine forest. At 50 percent of its initial quality, the image is down to about 2.6 MB. By dropping half of the image’s quality, we brought it down to one-fifth of the original file size. Original image: Irina Iriser

What a JPEG does when you heavily compress it

The thing that differentiates a JPEG file from a PNG or a GIF is how the data degrades as you compress it. The goal for a JPEG image is to still look like a photo when all is said and done, even if some compression is necessary to make it all work at a reasonable size. That way, you can display something that looks close to the original image in fewer bytes.
Or, as Pennebaker and Mitchell put it, “the most effective compression is achieved by approximating the original image (rather than reproducing it exactly).”
Central to this is a compression process called discrete cosine transform (DCT), a lossy form of compression encoding heavily used in all sorts of compressed formats, most notably in digital audio and signal processing. Essentially, it delivers a lower-quality product by removing details, while still keeping the heart of the original product through approximation. The stronger the cosine transformation, the more compressed the final result.
The algorithm, developed by researchers in the 1970s, essentially takes a grid of data and treats it as if you’re controlling its frequency with a knob. The data rate is controlled like water from a faucet: The more data you want, the higher the setting. DCT allows a trickle of data to still come out in highly compressed situations, even if it means a slightly compromised result. In other words, you may not keep all the data when you compress it, but DCT allows you to keep the heart of it.
(See this video for a more technical but still somewhat easy-to-follow description of DCT.)
DCT is everywhere. If you have ever seen a streaming video or an online radio stream that degraded in quality because your bandwidth suddenly declined, you’ve witnessed DCT being utilized in real time.
A JPEG file doesn’t have to leverage the DCT with just one method, as JPEG: Still Image Data Compression Standard explains:
The JPEG standard describes a family of large image compression techniques, rather than a single compression technique. It provides a “tool kit” of compression techniques from which applications can select elements that satisfy their particular requirements.
The toolkit has four modes:
  • Sequential DCT, which displays the compressed image in order, like a window shade slowly being rolled down
  • Progressive DCT, which displays the full image in the lowest-resolution format, then adds detail as more information rolls in
  • Sequential lossless, which uses the window-shade format but doesn’t compress the image
  • Hierarchical mode, which combines the prior three modes—so maybe it starts with a progressive mode, then loads DCT compression slowly, but then reaches a lossless final result
At the time the JPEG was being created, modems were extremely common. That meant images loaded slowly, making Progressive DCT the most fitting format for the early Internet. Over time, the progressive DCT mode has become less common, as many computers can simply load the sequential DCT in one fell swoop.

The same photo of a sunlit pine forest with very slight degradation visible. That same forest, saved at 5 percent quality, now down to about 419 kilobytes.Original image: Irina Iriser
When an image is compressed with DCT, the change tends to be less noticeable in busier, more textured areas of the picture, like hair or foliage. Those areas are harder to compress, which means they keep their integrity longer. It tends to be more noticeable, however, with solid colors or in areas where the image sharply changes from one color to another—like text on a page. Ever screenshot a social media post, only for it to look noisy? Congratulations, you just made a JPEG file.
Other formats, like PNG, do better with text, because their compression format is intended to be non-lossy. (Side note: PNG’s compression format, DEFLATE, was designed by Phil Katz, who also created the ZIP format. The PNG format uses it in part because it was a license-free compression format. So it turns out the brilliant coder with the sad life story improved the Internet in multiple ways before his untimely passing.)
In many ways, the JPEG is one tool in our image-making toolkit. Despite its age and maturity, it remains one of our best options for sharing photos on the Internet. But it is not a tool for every setting—despite the fact that, like a wrench sometimes used as a hammer, we often leverage it that way.

Forgent Networks claimed to own the JPEG’s defining algorithm

The JPEG format gained popularity in the ’90s for reasons beyond the quality of the format. Patents also played a role: Starting in 1994, the tech company Unisys attempted to bill individual users who relied on GIF files, which used a patent the company owned. This made the free-to-use JPEG more popular. (This situation also led to the creation of the patent-free PNG format.)
While the JPEG was standards-based, it could still have faced the same fate as the GIF, thanks to the quirks of the patent system. A few years before the file format came to life, a pair of Compression Labs employees filed a patent application that dealt with the compression of motion graphics. By the time anyone noticed its similarity to JPEG compression, the format was ubiquitous.

The same photo of a sunlit pine forest with more noticeable color degradation visible. Areas with previously subtle color gradients now appear more like blocks of color. Our forest, saved at 1 percent quality. This image is only about 239 KB in size, yet it’s still easily recognizable as the same photo. That’s the power of the JPEG.Original image: Irina Iriser
Then in 1997, a company named Forgent Networks acquired Compression Labs. The company eventually spotted the patent and began filing lawsuits over it, a series of events it saw as a stroke of good luck.
“The patent, in some respects, is a lottery ticket,” Forgent CEO Jay Peterson told CNET in 2005. “If you told me five years ago that ‘You have the patent for JPEG,’ I wouldn’t have believed it.”
While Forgent’s claim of ownership of the JPEG compression algorithm was tenuous, it ultimately saw more success with its legal battles than Unisys did. The company earned more than US $100 million from digital-camera makers before the patent finally ran out of steam around 2007. The company also attempted to extract licensing fees from the PC industry. Eventually, Forgent agreed to a modest $8 million settlement.
As the company took an increasingly aggressive approach to its acquired patent, it began to lose battles both in the court of public opinion and in actual courtrooms. Critics pounced on examples of prior art, while courts limited the patent’s use to motion-based uses like video.
By 2007, Forgent’s compression patent expired—and its litigation-heavy approach to business went away. That year, the company became Asure Software, which now specializes in payroll and HR solutions. Talk about a reboot.

Why the JPEG won’t die

The JPEG file format has served us well. It’s been difficult to remove the format from its perch. The JPEG 2000 format, for example, was intended to supplant it by offering more lossless options and better performance. The format is widely used by the Library of Congress and specialized sites like the Internet Archive; however, it is less popular as an end-user format.

Animated GIF of the forest images, starting at full resolution and progressing through increasingly degraded version of the iamge. See the forest JPEG degrade from its full resolution to 1 percent quality in this GIF. Original image: Irina Iriser
Other image technologies have had somewhat more luck getting past the JPEG format. The Google-supported WebP is popular with website developers (and controversial with end users). Meanwhile, the formats AVIF and HEIC, each developed by standards bodies, have largely outpaced both JPEG and JPEG 2000.
Still, the JPEG will be difficult to kill at this juncture. These days, the format is similar to MP3 or ZIP files—two legacy formats too popular and widely used to kill. Other formats that compress the files better and do the same things more efficiently are out there, but it’s difficult to topple a format with a 30-year head start.
Shaking off the JPEG is easier said than done. I think most people will be fine to keep it around.
Ernie Smith is the editor of Tedium, a long-running newsletter that hunts for the end of the long tail.

"Willie D. Jones" / 2025-06-18 12 days ago / 未收藏/ spectrum发送到 kindle


Although she is just now starting her career as a tech professional, Mayra Yucely Beb Caal has already overcome towering obstacles. The IEEE member sees her life as an example for other young people, demonstrating that they can succeed despite disadvantages they face due to their gender, ethnicity, language, or economic background.
Born in Cobán, the capital of Alta Verapaz in northern Guatemala, she grew up in a community far removed from the world of technology. But she attributes her success to having been steeped in the region’s cultural richness and her people’s unshakable resilience. The daughter of a single mother who was a schoolteacher, Caal says she spent her early years living with her aunts while her mother worked in distant towns for weeks at a time to provide for the family. In her community—mostly descendants of the indigenous Maya-Kekchi people—technology was rarely discussed. Pursuing a degree meant studying to become a physician, the most prestigious occupation anyone there was aware of.
No one imagined that a girl from Cobán would one day hold a doctorate in engineering or conduct cancer research in France.
On the path to her ambitious goals, Caal got a big assist from IEEE. She received a Gray scholarship, awarded by the IEEE Systems Council to students pursuing graduate studies in process control systems engineering, plant automation, or instrumentation measurement. The US $5,000 award supplemented other scholarships which helped her to study for her Ph.D.

Discovering robotics and mechatronics in high school

Caal was introduced to technology when, at age 14, she received a government scholarship to attend the Instituto Técnico de Capacitación y Productividad, a high school in Guatemala City. It was her first exposure to electronics, robotics, and mechatronics (an interdisciplinary field that combines mechanical engineering, electronics, computer science, and control systems)—subjects that weren’t taught in her local school. Caal was fascinated by the ability to study the fields, though her family couldn’t afford the tuition to the private universities where she could earn a degree. But that didn’t dissuade her.

Pursuing a mechatronics career despite gender barriers

She applied for a scholarship from the Gutiérrez Foundation, named for the founder of CMI, a Guatemala-based multinational company. The foundation’s scholarship covers full tuition, fees, and the cost of books for the duration of a recipient’s undergraduate studies.
In 2016 Caal earned a bachelor’s degree in mechatronics engineering at the Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, also in Guatemala City. There were few women in her class.
The job market was unwelcoming, however, she says. Despite her credentials, employers often required five years of experience for entry-level positions, and they expressed a preference for male employees, she says. It took six months to land her first job as a mechanical maintenance supervisor near her hometown.
She held that job for six months before moving back to Guatemala City in search of better opportunities. She took a position as head of mechanical maintenance at Mayaprin, a company specializing in commercial printing services, but she wasn’t satisfied with her career trajectory.

Earning an engineering education abroad

Caal decided to return to school in 2018 to pursue a master’s degree in mechatronics and micromechatronics engineering. She received a scholarship from the Mundus Joint Master program, part of a European Commission–sponsored initiative that provides funding for education, training, and youth in sports. Because the Mundus scholarship requires recipients to study at several universities, she took classes at schools in Europe and Africa, including École Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques, Nile University, and Universidad de Oviedo. Her studies focused on mechatronics and microelectronics, and the courses were taught in French, English, and Spanish.
The multilingual challenge was immense, she says. She recently had learned English, and French was completely new to her. Yet she persevered, driven by her goal of working on technology that could serve humanity.
She received a master’s degree from Universidad de Oviedo in 2020 and was accepted into a Ph.D. program at Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, in Besançon, France. Her doctoral studies were aided by the Gray scholarship.
Her research led to a full-time job last year as an R&D engineer focused on mechatronics and robotics at HyprView in Caen, France. The startup, founded in 2021, develops software to assist with medical data analysis and boost the performance of imaging tools.
Caal says she is part of a team that uses AI and automated systems to improve cancer detection. Although she has held the position for less than a year, she says she already feels she is contributing to public health through applied technology.

IEEE support and STEM mentorship

Through much of Caal’s journey, IEEE has played a critical role. As an undergraduate, she was vice president and then president of her university’s IEEE student branch. Her first international conference experience came from attending IEEE Region 9 conferences, which she says opened her eyes to the world of research, publishing, and the global engineering community.
She organized outreach efforts to local schools, conducting simple experiments to encourage girls to consider STEM careers. Her efforts were in direct opposition to longstanding gender norms in Guatemala. Caal was also an active member of the IEEE student branch at FEMTO-ST /Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté.
Today, Caal continues to advise these student branches while advancing her career in France.
Language issues and gender bias remain obstacles: “As a young woman leading male engineers, I have repeatedly had to prove my competence in ways my male peers haven’t,” she says. But the challenges have only strengthened her resolve, she adds.
Eventually, she says, she hopes to return to Guatemala to help build a stronger research infrastructure there with sufficient career opportunities for tech professionals in industry and academia. She says she also wants to ensure that children in even the most rural, poverty-stricken schools have access to food, electricity, and the Internet.
Her mission is clear: “To use technology to serve a purpose, always aimed at improving lives.”
“I don’t want to create technology just for the sake of it,” she says. “I want it to mean something—to help solve real problems in society, like the ones I faced early on.”
"Charles Q. Choi" / 2025-06-20 11 days ago / 未收藏/ spectrum发送到 kindle


By analyzing neural signals, a brain-computer interface (BCI) can now almost instantaneously synthesize the speech of a man who lost use of his voice due to a neurodegenerative disease, a new study finds.
The researchers caution it will still be a long time before such a device, which could restore speech to paralyzed patients, will find use in everyday communication. Still, the hope is this work “will lead to a pathway for improving these systems further—for example, through technology transfer to industry,” says Maitreyee Wairagkar, a project scientist at the University of California Davis’s Neuroprosthetics Lab.
A major potential application for brain-computer interfaces is restoring the ability to communicate to people who can no longer speak due to disease or injury. For instance, scientists have developed a number of BCIs that can help translate neural signals into text.
However, text alone fails to capture many key aspects of human speech, such as intonation, that help to convey meaning. In addition, text-based communication is slow, Wairagkar says.
Now, researchers have developed what they call a brain-to-voice neuroprosthesis that can decode neural activity into sounds in real time. They detailed their findings 11 June in the journal Nature.
“Losing the ability to speak due to neurological disease is devastating,” Wairagkar says. “Developing a technology that can bypass the damaged pathways of the nervous system to restore speech can have a big impact on the lives of people with speech loss.”

Neural Mapping for Speech Restoration

The new BCI mapped neural activity using four microelectrode arrays. In total, the scientists placed 256 microelectrode arrays in three brain regions, chief among them the ventral precentral gyrus, which plays a key role in controlling the muscles underlying speech.
“This technology does not ‘read minds’ or ‘read inner thoughts,’” Wairagkar says. “We record from the area of the brain that controls the speech muscles. Hence, the system only produces voice when the participant voluntarily tries to speak.”
The researchers implanted the BCI in a 45-year-old volunteer with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the neurodegenerative disorder also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. Although the volunteer could still generate vocal sounds, he was unable to produce intelligible speech on his own for years before the BCI.
The neuroprosthesis recorded the neural activity that resulted when the patient attempted to read sentences on a screen out loud. The scientists then trained a deep-learning AI model on this data to produce his intended speech.
The researchers also trained a voice-cloning AI model on recordings made of the patient before his condition so the BCI could synthesize his pre-ALS voice. The patient reported that listening to the synthesized voice “made me feel happy, and it felt like my real voice,” the study notes.

Neuroprosthesis Reproduces a Man’s Speech UC Davis
In experiments, the scientists found that the BCI could detect key aspects of intended vocal intonation. They had the patient attempt to speak sets of sentences as either statements, which had no changes in pitch, or as questions, which involved rising pitches at the ends of the sentences. They also had the patient emphasize one of the seven words in the sentence “I never said she stole my money” by changing its pitch. (The sentence has seven different meanings, depending on which word is emphasized.) These tests revealed increased neural activity toward the ends of the questions and before emphasized words. In turn, this let the patient control his BCI voice enough to ask a question, emphasize specific words in a sentence, or sing three-pitch melodies.
“Not only what we say but also how we say it is equally important,” Wairagkar says. “Intonation of our speech helps us to communicate effectively.”
All in all, the new BCI could acquire neural signals and produce sounds with a delay of 25 milliseconds, enabling near-instantaneous speech synthesis, Wairagkar says. The BCI also proved flexible enough to speak made-up pseudo-words, as well as interjections such as “ahh,” “eww,” “ohh,” and “hmm.”
The resulting voice was often intelligible, but not consistently so. In tests where human listeners had to transcribe the BCI’s words, they understood what the patient said about 56 percent of the time, up from about 3 percent from when he did not use the BCI.

Computer screen displaying neural signal data in multiple graph plots. Neural recordings of the BCI participant shown on screen.UC Davis
“We do not claim that this system is ready to be used to speak and have conversations by someone who has lost the ability to speak,” Wairagkar says. “Rather, we have shown a proof of concept of what is possible with the current BCI technology.”
In the future, the scientists plan to improve the accuracy of the device—for instance, with more electrodes and better AI models. They also hope that BCI companies might start clinical trials incorporating this technology. “It is yet unknown whether this BCI will work with people who are fully locked in”—that is, nearly completely paralyzed, save for eye motions and blinking, Wairagkar adds.
Another interesting research direction is to study whether such speech BCIs could be useful for people with language disorders, such as aphasia. “Our current target patient population cannot speak due to muscle paralysis,” Wairagkar says. “However, their ability to produce language and cognition remains intact.” In contrast, she notes, future work might investigate restoring speech to people with damage to brain areas that produce speech, or with disabilities that have prevented them from learning to speak since childhood.

"Kathy Pretz" / 2025-06-20 10 days ago / 未收藏/ spectrum发送到 kindle


The newly designed IEEE website makes it easier than ever to learn about the organization and its offerings. IEEE incorporated feedback from members and site visitors to create its modern look and feel.
Throughout the site, the work of IEEE and its members is prominently highlighted to show how they are creating a better world and driving engineering forward.
“The new website is more visual, with video and other media to engage all visitors. It also showcases our global community’s commitment as a public charity advancing technology for the benefit of humanity,” says Sophia Muirhead, IEEE executive director and chief operating officer.
The website reflects IEEE’s commitment to delivering an engaging online experience that is more intuitive for its global community. The storytelling theme of the site highlights select quotes, testimonials, and member and volunteer stories from IEEE’s more than 486,000 members and 189,000 student members from 347 sections in 10 geographic regions.
Whether you’re looking for a humanitarian project to get involved in, finding an upcoming conference to attend, taking a continuing education course, or publishing a research paper, the new design makes resources easier to access.

Where to find courses, career resources, and more

The first thing you’ll see on the new site is a box with scrolling options. Power What’s Next for Tech describes what IEEE is, and it includes a link to the What We Do page, which gives an overview of the organization, including its mission, strategic plan, history, and offerings.
Using the arrows on the right side of the box, you can see the Building a Better World section, where visitors can learn about humanitarian initiatives such as IEEE MOVE and EPICS in IEEE, then Career Support and, finally, an option to join IEEE and be part of something bigger.
Scrolling down the home page, the next module, Happening Across IEEE, features upcoming conferences, the latest standards, new educational courses, ways to advance your career, and how to get involved with IEEE’s societies, councils, and communities.

“The new website is more visual, with video and other media to engage all visitors. It also showcases our global community’s commitment as a public charity advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.”
The next section, the IEEE Is the Global Community of Technology Professionals module, has options to Find Your Path to learn about resources available for industry professionals, authors and researchers, students and young professionals, volunteers, new members, and retirees.
The following section, Latest Innovations, features videos and articles from publications including IEEE Spectrum and The Institute on cutting-edge technology engineers are working on, such as electronic tattoos.
Keep scrolling down and you’ll get to know IEEE members and their thoughts on what’s next for technologies such as artificial intelligence and quantum computing.
“This redesign marks a key milestone in IEEE’s digital transformation,” Muirhead says. “The use of rich media, video content, and dynamic storytelling features allows for deeper engagement with IEEE and understanding its various offerings.
“However, it is just the beginning. In the months ahead, we will continue to enhance the site with new features, updated content, and richer tools.”

"Rahul Pandey" / 2025-06-20 10 days ago / 未收藏/ spectrum发送到 kindle


This article is crossposted from IEEE Spectrum’s careers newsletter. Sign up now to get insider tips, expert advice, and practical strategies, written in partnership with tech career development company Taro and delivered to your inbox for free!
I once had a manager at Meta who kept flip-flopping. We’d have our one-on-one meetings to align on the priorities, and whether I should focus on new features or fix user-reported bugs.
But after a few days, our plans would suddenly change. Certain bugs would become the highest priority, especially if the order came from directors or VPs. I noticed a pattern where my manager would change his mind after speaking with a strong-willed project manager or some engineering leader up the chain.
I was left feeling confused and unsupported.
When this happens, how do you tell your manager to shape up? Is it even your responsibility to give feedback to your manager?
The 1:1 is a critical forum to share this kind of feedback. A 1:1 is a focused meeting between two people within the company, typically lasting 30 or 45 minutes. When done well, these meetings are a valuable tool for building trust and fostering career growth. In my experience, managers will have weekly or biweekly 1:1s with each of their reports. If you don’t have a regularly scheduled 1:1 with your manager, you’re missing out. Ask for one!
The effectiveness of a 1:1 depends on your preparation before the meeting. Here are a few ground rules I set with my reports and my own manager to make them as valuable as possible:
  • Write down the agenda in advance. This shows that you have put some thought into the meeting and, therefore, it shouldn’t be canceled. Keep a running doc of everything you’ve written down. It can be helpful for both you and your manager to refer back to prior discussions and action items.
  • Avoid status updates. Approach each 1:1 as a valuable opportunity to learn something or gain a new perspective. Feel free to write down status updates ahead of time, but you should minimize the time spent in the 1:1 just reviewing statuses. The conversation should be more focused on emotions and concerns rather than obvious facts.
  • Be vulnerable. One litmus test for the conversation is, “Could this have been shared in the broader team meeting?” If the answer is yes, don’t waste the valuable 1:1 time on that topic. The 1:1 should focus on the sticky human issues that inevitably come up in the workplace: losing motivation, feeling overwhelmed, or delivering difficult feedback, for example.
At Meta, I used the 1:1 time with my manager to share my concerns about the constantly shifting priorities between new features and user-reported bugs. The problem didn’t get resolved overnight, but at least he was aware of the issue. I felt heard, and we continued to monitor the situation as it improved.
What if your manager isn’t receptive to your feedback or concerns? In almost all cases, it’s not worth trying to “fix” your manager or your environment. There’s a clear power dynamic between you and your boss, and the energy spent on your manager is better spent on finding a new team or company altogether.
The 1:1 is a critical pillar for our career growth as engineers. Try out these tactics in your next 1:1 and let me know how it goes.
—Rahul

IEEE’s 5 New E-Books Provide Onramp to Engineering

Five new e-books from IEEE’s TryEngineering initiative provide an overview of topics including semiconductors, signal processing, oceanic engineering, and AI. As part of IEEE’s suite of pre-university resources, the free e-books are meant to introduce these complex technical topics to younger readers—the next generation of engineers.
Read more here.

In Dubai’s AI job market, your passport matters

More tech workers are moving to the UAE, which is now second only to the United States in attracting top AI talent, according to reporting from Rest of World. But as the country becomes an AI talent magnet, differences are emerging among workers based on where they’re from. While tech specialists from the West take top positions, engineers from developing nations often fill lower positions.
Read more here.

Record Number of IEEE Members Visit U.S. Congress to Talk Tech Policy

In this guest article, a technical program manager at Google reflects on his experience meeting with U.S. legislators this April. More than 300 IEEE representatives participated in the organization’s Congressional Visits Day to discuss federal funding, the STEM talent pipeline, and other policy issues.
Read more here.
"Evan Ackerman" / 2025-06-21 10 days ago / 未收藏/ spectrum发送到 kindle


Video Friday is your weekly selection of awesome robotics videos, collected by your friends at IEEE Spectrum robotics. We also post a weekly calendar of upcoming robotics events for the next few months. Please send us your events for inclusion.
RSS 2025: 21–25 June 2025, LOS ANGELES
ETH Robotics Summer School: 21–27 June 2025, GENEVA
IAS 2025: 30 June–4 July 2025, GENOA, ITALY
ICRES 2025: 3–4 July 2025, PORTO, PORTUGAL
IEEE World Haptics: 8–11 July 2025, SUWON, SOUTH KOREA
IFAC Symposium on Robotics: 15–18 July 2025, PARIS
RoboCup 2025: 15–21 July 2025, BAHIA, BRAZIL
RO-MAN 2025: 25–29 August 2025, EINDHOVEN, THE NETHERLANDS
CLAWAR 2025: 5–7 September 2025, SHENZHEN
CoRL 2025: 27–30 September 2025, SEOUL
IEEE Humanoids: 30 September–2 October 2025, SEOUL
World Robot Summit: 10–12 October 2025, OSAKA, JAPAN
IROS 2025: 19–25 October 2025, HANGZHOU, CHINA
Enjoy today’s videos!
This is the first successful vertical takeoff of a jet-powered flying humanoid robot, developed by Artificial and Mechanical Intelligence (AMI) at Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT). The robot lifted ~50 cm off the ground while maintaining dynamic stability, thanks to advanced AI-based control systems and aerodynamic modeling.


We will have much more on this in the coming weeks!
[Nature] via [IIT]

As a first step toward our mission of deploying general-purpose robots, we are pushing the frontiers of what end-to-end AI models can achieve in the real world. We’ve been training models and evaluating their capabilities for dexterous sensorimotor policies across different embodiments, environments, and physical interactions. We’re sharing capability demonstrations on tasks stressing different aspects of manipulation: fine motor control, spatial and temporal precision, generalization across robots and settings, and robustness to external disturbances.


[Generalist AI]
Thanks, Noah!

Ground Control Robotics is introducing SCUTTLE, our newest elongate multilegged platform for mobility anywhere!


[Ground Control Robotics]

Teleoperation has been around for a while, but what hasn’t been is precise, real-time force feedback.That’s where Flexiv steps in to shake things up. Now, whether you’re across the room or across the globe, you can experience seamless, high-fidelity remote manipulation with a sense of touch.


This sort of thing usually takes some human training, for which you’d be best served by robot arms with precise, real-time force feedback. Hmm, I wonder where you’d find those...?
[Flexiv]

The 1X World Model is a data-driven simulator for humanoid robots built with a grounded understanding of physics. It allows us to predict—or “hallucinate”—the outcomes of NEO’s actions before they’re taken in the real world. Using the 1X World Model, we can instantly assess the performance of AI models—compressing development time and providing a clear benchmark for continuous improvement.


[1X]

SLAPBOT is an interactive robotic artwork by Hooman Samani and Chandler Cheng, exploring the dynamics of physical interaction, artificial agency, and power. The installation features a robotic arm fitted with a soft, inflatable hand that delivers slaps through pneumatic actuation, transforming a visceral human gesture into a programmed robotic response.


I asked, of course, whether SLAPBOT slaps people, and it does not: “Despite its provocative concept and evocative design, SLAPBOT does not make physical contact with human participants. It simulates the gesture of slapping without delivering an actual strike. The robotic arm’s movements are precisely choreographed to suggest the act, yet it maintains a safe distance.”
[SLAPBOT]
Thanks, Hooman!

Inspecting the bowels of ships is something we’d really like robots to be doing for us, please and thank you.


[Norwegian University of Science and Technology] via [GitHub]
Thanks, Kostas!

H2L Corporation (hereinafter referred to as H2L) has unveiled a new product called “Capsule Interface,” which transmits whole-body movements and strength, enabling new shared experiences with robots and avatars. A product introduction video depicting a synchronization never before experienced by humans was also released.


[H2L Corp.] via [RobotStart]

How do you keep a robot safe without requiring it to look at you? Radar!


[Paper] via [IEEE Sensors Journal]
Thanks, Bram!

We propose Aerial Elephant Trunk, an aerial continuum manipulator inspired by the elephant trunk, featuring a small-scale quadrotor and a dexterous, compliant tendon-driven continuum arm for versatile operation in both indoor and outdoor settings.


[Adaptive Robotics Controls Lab]

This video demonstrates a heavy weight lifting test using the ARMstrong Dex robot, focusing on a 40 kg bicep curl motion. ARMstrong Dex is a human-sized, dual-arm hydraulic robot currently under development at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) for disaster response applications. Designed to perform tasks flexibly like a human while delivering high power output, ARMstrong Dex is capable of handling complex operations in hazardous environments.


[Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute]

Micro-robots that can inspect water pipes, diagnose cracks, and fix them autonomously—reducing leaks and avoiding expensive excavation work—have been developed by a team of engineers led by the University of Sheffield.


[University of Sheffield]

We’re growing in size, scale, and impact! We’re excited to announce the opening of our serial production facility in the San Francisco Bay Area, the very first purpose-built robotaxi assembly facility in the United States. More space means more innovation, production, and opportunities to scale our fleet.


[Zoox]

Watch multipick in action as our pickle robot rapidly identifies, picks, and places multiple boxes in a single swing of an arm.


[Pickle]

And now, this.


[Aibo]

Cargill’s Amsterdam Multiseed facility enlists Spot and Orbit to inspect machinery and perform visual checks, enhanced by all-new AI features, as part of their “Plant of the Future” program.


[Boston Dynamics]

This ICRA 2025 plenary talk is from Raffaello D’Andrea, entitled “Models are Dead, Long Live Models!”


[ICRA 2025]

Will data solve robotics and automation? Absolutely! Never! Who knows?! Let’s argue about it!


[ICRA 2025]

2025-06-18 12 days ago / 未收藏/ seebug发送到 kindle
作者:Francesco Panebianco, Mario D’Onghia, Stefano Zanero, Michele Carminati 译者:知道创宇404实验室翻译组 原文链接:https://arxiv.org/html/2506.05382v1 摘要 深度学习系统在自动驾驶等领域至关重要,但它们容易受到对抗性样本的攻击(对抗性样本是经过精心设计的输入,旨在误导分类器)。本...
2025-06-20 10 days ago / 未收藏/ seebug发送到 kindle
作者:Sarthak Choudhary, Nils Palumbo, Ashish Hooda, Krishnamurthy Dj Dvijotham, Somesh Jha 译者:知道创宇404实验室翻译组 原文链接:https://arxiv.org/html/2506.04390v1 摘要 检索增强型生成(RAG)系统容易受到攻击,攻击者会在检索到的文档集中注入被篡改的段落,即使在很...
2025-06-20 10 days ago / 未收藏/ seebug发送到 kindle
作者:知道创宇404高级威胁情报团队 时间:2025年6月20日 English version: https://paper.seebug.org/3332/ 1. 背景 1.1 组织介绍 Confucius组织(又称“魔罗桫”)于2016年被国外安全厂商披露,据悉最初的攻击活动可追溯到2013年。该组织主要针对南亚及东亚地区政府、军事等重要单位,近年来不断发现针对国内重点单位及行业发起攻...
2025-06-20 10 days ago / 未收藏/ seebug发送到 kindle
Author: Knownsec 404 Advanced Threat Intelligence Team 中文版:https://paper.seebug.org/3331/ 1. Background 1.1 Organization Introduction The Confucius group was disclosed by foreign security vendors i...
"The Conversation" / 2025-06-22 8 days ago / 未收藏/ studyfinds发送到 kindle
Woman screaming from a cold showerWhen the weather warms up, many of us use a nice cold shower to help us cool down. While this might feel like relief, it might actually not be helping the body cool off.
The post A Cold Shower On A Hot Day Might Be A Bad Idea, Here’s Why appeared first on Study Finds.
"Java Code Geeks" / 2025-06-22 8 days ago / 未收藏/ Java Code Geeks发送到 kindle
Hello fellow geeks, Fresh offers await you on our Deals store, please have a look! AdGuard Family Plan: Lifetime Subscription (76% off) Ending soon // by Java Code Geeks Enter Coupon FAMPLAN for Discount! Get Rid of Annoying Ads & Protect Your Device from Malware with This Advanced Ad Blocking App The 2025 Complete Splunk …
"banq" / 2025-06-22 8 days ago / 未收藏/ jdon发送到 kindle
问任何一个架构师,谁在推动他们的技术决策,你会听到通常的怀疑:“产品”,“业务”,或“最终用户”。"我相信他们都忽略了最关键的因素。最终用户需要的是实用产品。企业想要的是已发布的功能。管理者想要可预测的时间表。但是有一个团体最终决定您的架构是繁荣还是成为技术债务:开发团队。您的开发人员不仅仅是客户,他们是您的架构的真正客户。大多数架构师正在构建他们的客户实际上无法使用的系统。<
"banq" / 2025-06-22 8 days ago / 未收藏/ jdon发送到 kindle
【震惊!玻璃瓶饮料竟比塑料瓶更"毒"?】法国最新研究颠覆认知:你每天喝的饮料正在偷偷喂你吃塑料!最近法国食品安全局放了个大招,他们发现玻璃瓶装的水、汽水、啤酒和葡萄酒里,微塑料含量居然比塑料瓶还高!这简直就像听说纸包鸡比塑料袋装鸡更油腻一样离谱啊!(研究团队下巴都惊掉了)据观察,污染最严重的容器是玻璃瓶。瓶盖被怀疑是主要的污染源,因为饮料中分离出的大多数颗粒与瓶盖的颜色相同,并且与外部油漆的成分相同。【微
"banq" / 2025-06-22 8 days ago / 未收藏/ jdon发送到 kindle
听说Java搞了个叫"虚拟线程"的黑科技?号称能让程序轻松处理百万级请求?今天咱们就来扒一扒它的真面目!先说说这是啥玩意儿Java在19版搞了个试验品(预览功能),到21版正式推出了这个"虚拟线程"。简单说就是: 以前:一个请求要用一个真线程(平台线程),线程多了内存吃不消 现在:用虚拟线程假装是真线程,实际在幕后搞"线程共享" 听起来很美好对吧?但实际用起来咋样呢?我们在一个现实的SpringBoot+
"banq" / 2025-06-22 8 days ago / 未收藏/ jdon发送到 kindle
DeepSeek员工刚刚开源了nano-vllm ,点击标题。它是一个从头开始构建的轻量级vLLM实现。关键特征 快速离线推理-与vLLM的推理速度相当 易读的代码库-在约1,200行Python代码中实现干净 优化套件-前缀缓存,张量优化,火炬编译,CUDA图等。 测试配置(通俗版):硬件: 一台游戏本(RTX 4070
"banq" / 2025-06-22 8 days ago / 未收藏/ jdon发送到 kindle
马斯克怒怼自家孩子Grok:
"banq" / 2025-06-22 8 days ago / 未收藏/ jdon发送到 kindle
由于 UDP 无需握手,攻击者可以利用它向目标服务器发送大量流量,而无需事先获得服务器的传输许可。UDP 泛洪攻击通常会向目标系统的多个端口发送大量数据报。目标系统则必须发送相同数量的数据包,以表明端口无法访问。最终,目标系统不堪重负,导致合法流量被拒绝。大规模攻击旨在通过向互联网服务发送超过其处理能力的流量来使其瘫痪,其规模越来越大,迄今为止最大的一次攻击流量达到每秒 7.3 太比特,这是互联网安全和性能提供商 Cloudflare 于周五报告的。此次 7.3T
"banq" / 2025-06-22 8 days ago / 未收藏/ jdon发送到 kindle
最近一直在玩Google的TPU芯片,发现它们和咱们常见的显卡GPU的设计思路完全不同,特别有意思!这就好比同样是交通工具,电动车和燃油车的设计理念天差地别~TPU最厉害的地方就是可以像搭乐高积木一样无限扩展。这要归功于它的硬件设计(比如超省电的模块化结构)和软件配套(比如XLA编译器)的完美配合。【背景小故事】Google在2006年就纠结该用GPU、FPGA还是自己造芯片。当时AI还没火起来,他们觉得用闲置的服务器CP
"banq" / 2025-06-22 8 days ago / 未收藏/ jdon发送到 kindle
1、山姆·奥尔特曼(Sam Altman)无视埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)的“0%成功机会”电子邮件: “OpenAI成立几年后,Elon给我们发了一封非常刻薄的电子邮件。我们已经研究了一段时间,他说我们有0%的成功机会。我们完全失败了。 我们最近给他看了GPT-1。他说,这是垃圾!没用的,这说不通啊,他当时真的是我的英雄。"【山姆怒怼马斯克毒舌邮件】OpenAI刚成立那会儿,马斯克突然发来封"祖安邮件"狂泼冷水:"你们这群菜鸟100%会凉凉!"后来团队憋出GPT-1初代版给他看,这位硅谷钢铁侠直接开喷:"什
"banq" / 2025-06-22 8 days ago / 未收藏/ jdon发送到 kindle
在最近发表在《美国心脏协会杂志》上的一篇文章中,研究人员分析了美国海岸线附近海水中海洋微塑料含量较高是否与县级中风、冠状动脉疾病或2型糖尿病的患病率较高有关。背景塑料由于其经济性和多功能性而深深嵌入现代生活中;然而,它们的广泛使用也导致了严重的环境污染。废弃的塑料垃圾通常会在风化和降解过